1. Chapter 10: Euthanasia Confusion can come over questions like: - Whether someone is dead or ought to be considered dead - Whether it is permissible to do things which might hasten death Key Concepts: Brain Death, Coma and PVS Euthanasia: Active vs. Passive ◦ Quinlan ◦ Cruzan ◦ The Dutch legalization of active euthanasia

2. Chapter 10: continued Euthanasia – means “good death” - but what does a good death mean? - passive euthanasia - active euthanasia - involuntary euthanasia Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS) ◦ Kevorkian ◦ The AMA position ◦ Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act Pain Medication that Causes Death ◦ Double effect

3. Chapter 10: continued Pain Medication that Causes Death ◦ The principle of Double Effect ◦ Other advances in treating pain Ordinary vs. Extraordinary Measures Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Euthanasia ◦ Living will ◦ Durable power of attorney ◦ Do not resuscitate (DNR)

4. Chapter 10: continued Combining the Types of Euthanasia ◦ Three types of voluntary euthanasia ◦ Three types of nonvoluntary euthanasia Morality and the Law - everything immoral is not illegal Making Moral Judgments about Euthanasia - Consequentialist vs nonconsequentialist considerations

5. Chapter 10: continued ◦ Active vs. passive euthanasia  Consequentialist concerns  Nonconsequentialist concerns ◦ Ordinary vs. extraordinary measures Infant euthanasia

6. Chapter 10: continued Reading: The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia ◦ Euthanasia as intentionally taking the life of a presumably hopeless person Arguments against euthanasia ◦ The argument from nature ◦ The argument from self-interest ◦ The argument form practical effects

7. Chapter 10: continued Reading: Active and Passive Euthanasia ◦ The official position of the AMA in 1973 ◦ The argument of the painfulness of passive euthanasia ◦ The argument of decisions about life and death made on irrelevant grounds  The case of Down’s syndrome babies  The cases of Smith and Jones

8. Chapter 10: continued ◦ Responses to the claim that, morally speaking, killing is no different than letting die  In passive euthanasia the doctor does nothing  In active euthanasia the doctor directly causes the patient’s death  The above is simply of academic interest

9. Chapter 10: continued Reading: Buddhist Views of Suicide and Euthanasia ◦ Recent Japanese discussion concerning bioethics and suicide. ◦ Early Buddhist views of death, dying, and euthanasia ◦ Religious suicide and death with dignity in Japan ◦ Samurai, seppuku, and euthanasia ◦ Safeguards that are defined