1. The Inca How did the Inca organize their government and society?

2. Creating an Empire The Inca were one of many groups fighting over the scarce fertile land in the Andes Mountains Inca raided the nearby territories to gain power Where are the Andes? What does scarce mean?

3. Inca Rulers Pachacuti launched a conquest campaign The following two rulers continued his expansion The Inca had a strong central government People were required to speak Quechua- the Incan language –Why? Were also required to work for the government several weeks every year

4. Inca Projects The Inca created a network of roads to united the Empire – Roads allowed for the movement of soldiers, goods, and information Incans also used fertilizers and irrigation to improve the soil – Terrace farming uses steps to create farmland Government officials stored food to distribute when the harvests were poor

5. Terrace Farming

6. Organization The Inca believed their rulers had the protection of the sun god, Inti – As divine rulers, Incan emperors controlled everything Below the emperor were military leaders, then priests, then skilled workers, and then farmers at the bottom- create a pyramid All young men were required to serve in the army

7. Culture Incans rarely used human sacrifice, and instead built stone structures to please their gods Had no system of writing, no wheels and no iron tools Had a system of math using a quipu (knotted rope cords Skilled engineers, fit stones tightly together

8. Quipu

9. Write your summaries!