1. UNIT 8: STRESS MANAGEMENT Person ability to reduce stress levels felt or ability to handle stressor effectively (Girdano, et al., 2005) 3 aspect of Stress Management: - Frequency of stressful experience, intensity of stress level & duration of distress Holistic Stress Management : All aspects that influence individual & families – physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, environment

2. Stress Management Techniques Breathing exercises – breathing correctly, upper costal breathing, very deep breathing Relaxation – muscle relaxation, biofeedback, autogenics Meditation – concentration & contemplation Physical activity & exercise Diet & nutrition Medication

3. UNIT 9: Prevention & Intervention Prevention - Any effort, formal & informal, aimed at preventing the onset of psychological problems Primary Intervention - Developmental or to reduce new cases Secondary Prevention - Reduce current case Crisis intervention -reduce complications, intensity & severity of cases Treatment Higher & more targeted if intervention (counseling, psychotherapy)

4. Crisis Intervention Act of interrupting as skillfully and as quickly as possible, to return the individual to a pre-crisis level of coping Tips for Crisis Intervention - Normalize stressor - Avoid catastrophysing - Comfort individual - Convince there is hope - Seek information that can aid individual - Provide immediate, active & direct support - Short term –”insitu”