1. Outline: Define: Demonstration Effect Commodification Transculturation How to protect a culture?

2. The Demonstration Effect The replacement of local cultural aspects with those of another culture or cultures

3. Demonstration Effect = The impact of tourists’ values and customs on local people = The phenomenon of local residents adopting the styles and manners they have observed = Demonstration effects are effects on the behavior of individuals caused by observation of the actions of others and their consequences. The term is particularly used in political science and sociology to describe the fact that developments in one place will often act as a catalyst in another place.

4. Demonstration Effect Con't The phenomenon of local residents adopting the styles and manners they have observed in visiting tourists. Occurrence of indigenous and rural communities and cultures adopting western style and behaviour that they have observed in visiting tourists Standardization - Bringing recognizable features such as food, hotels, and movies to exotic destinations to make the tourist feel more comfortable in their surroundings. How much of the culture must be changed to meet the tourists' demands?

5. Negative Effects of the D.E. Religious beliefs, dress, music, eating habits, and commercial practices... Large-scale tourist developments changed rural living patters Seasonal work patterns created Traditional skills of some workers were lost (from fishing to boat tour guide) Local art, music, and clothing styles were commercialized to cater to tourists Local foods, music, clothing styles were changed or influenced by North American Styles Local properties and areas of natural beauty were commercialized Crime levels increased.

6. Commodification Ceremonies, cultural performances and rituals 'are changed to suit the needs and wishes of tourists. These performances and ceremonies are made more colourful and dramatic so 'culture becomes a commodity for financial transactions', and does not really show the 'real' culture of the destination: also referred to as 'staged authenticity'.

7. Transculturation Potential Loss of skills for future generations as a result of changing value to those practices Example: Fishing communities in Newfoundland are moving to whale watching since it is more lucrative resulting in a loss of traditional type of work & skills for young locals

8. How can Culture be Protected While allowing tourists in an Area? Educate tourists and residents - Help tourists understand the cultural importance and meaning of festivals/attractions Eg. Muslim countries share a strict cultural tradition that woman must cover themselves in public. By knowing and respecting this fact, female tourists should not wear revealing clothing

9. Physical Landscape If a physical landscape contains cultural features, effective land-use planning should plan for protection This means areas for designated tourism development zones

10. Time Rushed development = conflict between profits and cultural landscape By gradually developing a tourism sector, strategies that attempt to mitigate loss of cultural identity can be better implemented (eg. impact analysis)