1. BELLRINGER EXPLAIN IN COMPLETE SENTENCES WHAT IS CONTENT AND MECHANISMS OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT IN EARLIER TIMES?

2. Evolution of Earth’s Greenhouse Effect

3. Outline What is the Greenhouse Effect? Changes over Geologic Time Sources to Estimate Greenhouse Effect Evolution of Greenhouse Effect Comparison to Neighboring Planets the Greenhouse Effect?

4. Greenhouse Effect F

5. G = - F in Wm -2 g = /F Greenhouse Effect (Energy) Greenhouse Efficiency

6. Greenhouse Effect: G or g a number of relevant climatic variables: Temperature Water Vapor Clouds Trace Gases {CO 2, CH 4, …}

7. Forcings over Geologic Time Solar Light Interplanetary Dust Atmospheric Composition Carbon Dioxide & Methane Volcanic Aerosols Paleogeography Positions of Continents Ocean Basins

8. Sources of Greenhouse Effect Neoproterozoic (~600 MYA) Pavlov and Kiehl, Chandler & Sohl Cretaceous (~70 MYA) Otto-Bliesner et al. Eocene (~55 MYA) Huber and Sloan Last Glacial Maximum (~18,000 y b.p.) Otto-Bliesner et al. Holocene (~3,500 y b.p.) Otto-Bliesner et al. Modern (1870-2000) Ammann et al.

13. Obs. Collins(2003)

14. = 17,002 Wm -2 S = S 0 (1-  p )/4 = F= 185 Wm -2 G = 16,817 Wm -2 g = 92 Venus

15. Earth = 402 Wm -2 F = 239 Wm -2 G = 163 Wm -2 g = 1.7

16. = 133 Wm -2 Mars S = S 0 (1-  p )/4 = F= 123 Wm -2 G = 10 Wm -2 g = 1.1

17. Whither the Future?

20. ACTIVITY Discuss in a group and write a report about the GHE. Present your report to class. Distribution of work: person 1 – factors defining GHE, 2 – mechanisms of GHE, 3 – evolution of GHE, 4 - how can we change the GHE?

21. EXIT QUIZ 1.How the Greenhouse effect depends on the solar budget? 2.What major properties of atmosphere influence the GHE? 3.What examples of other planets teaches us?