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Routing Optimizations in IPv4 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) Mobile IP CS 60008: Internet Architecture and Protocols Department of CSE, IIT Kharagpur.

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Presentation on theme: "Routing Optimizations in IPv4 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) Mobile IP CS 60008: Internet Architecture and Protocols Department of CSE, IIT Kharagpur."— Presentation transcript:

1 Routing Optimizations in IPv4 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) Mobile IP CS 60008: Internet Architecture and Protocols Department of CSE, IIT Kharagpur Course Instructor: Sandip Chakraborty

2 Classful Addressing

3 Subnetting

4 Supernetting 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.64.0/18 192.168.128.0/18 192.168.144.0/20 192.168.160.0/20 192.168.01XXXXXX.X 192.168.10XXXXXX.X 192.168.1001XXXX.X192.168.1010XXXX.X

5 Subnet Zero and All-One Subnets 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0/17 192.168.128.0/17 192.168.0XXXXXXX.X 192.168.1XXXXXXX.X The network address for the subnet and the original network is identical – Subnet Zero Broadcast address for this subnet is 192.168.255.255, broadcast address for the original network is also 192.168.255.255 – All-One Subnet

6 Problems with Subnet Zero and All- One Subnets 10.0.0.0/21 10.0.2.0/23 10.0.0000001X.0/23 10.0.4.0/24 10.0.00000100.0/2410.0.00000101.0/24 10.0.5.0/24 10.0.4.0/23

7 Problems with Subnet Zero and All- One Subnets 10.0.0.0/21 10.0.2.0/23 10.0.0000001X.0/23 10.0.4.0/24 10.0.00000100.0/2410.0.00000101.0/24 10.0.5.0/24 10.0.4.0/23 R1-eth1 R2-eth2 Broadcast address for R1-eth1 will be similar to broadcast address of R2-eth2 : 10.0.5.255 (10.0.00000101.255)

8 CIDR – Routing Table Construction 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.4.0/24 R1 R2 R3 eth0 eth1 10.0.2.1/24 10.0.3.1/24 10.0.4.1/24 172.16.1.1/24 172.16.1.2/24 172.16.2.1/24 172.16.2.2/24 NetworkNetmaskGatewayInterface 10.0.2.0255.255.255.0172.16.2.2eth1 10.0.3.0255.255.255.0172.16.2.2eth1 10.0.4.0255.255.255.0172.16.2.2eth1 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.1eth0 172.16.1.0255.255.255.0172.16.1.1eth0 172.16.2.0255.255.255.0172.16.2.2eth1

9 CIDR – Routing Table Construction 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.4.0/24 R1 R2 R3 eth0 eth1 10.0.2.1/24 10.0.3.1/24 10.0.4.1/24 172.16.1.1/24 172.16.1.2/24 172.16.2.1/24 172.16.2.2/24 NetworkNetmaskGatewayInterface 10.0.2.0255.255.255.0172.16.2.2eth1 10.0.3.0255.255.255.0172.16.2.2eth1 10.0.4.0255.255.255.0172.16.2.2eth1 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.1eth0 172.16.1.0255.255.255.0172.16.1.1eth0 172.16.2.0255.255.255.0172.16.2.2eth1

10 CIDR – Routing Table Construction 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.4.0/24 R1 R2 R3 eth0 eth1 10.0.2.1/24 10.0.3.1/24 10.0.4.1/24 172.16.1.1/24 172.16.1.2/24 172.16.2.1/24 172.16.2.2/24 NetworkNetmaskGatewayInterface 10.0.0.0255.255.0.0172.16.2.2eth1 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.1eth0 172.16.1.0255.255.255.0172.16.1.1eth0 172.16.2.0255.255.255.0172.16.2.2eth1

11 CIDR – Problem of Multihoming 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.4.0/24 R1 R2 R3 eth0 eth1 10.0.2.1/24 10.0.3.1/24 10.0.4.1/24 172.16.1.1/24 172.16.1.2/24 172.16.2.1/24 172.16.2.2/24 eth2 172.16.3.1/24 172.16.3.2/24 10.0.4.2/24

12 CIDR – Longest Prefix Match NetworkNetmaskGatewayInterface 10.0.0.0255.255.0.0172.16.2.2eth1 10.0.4.0255.255.255.0172.16.3.2eth2 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.1eth0 172.16.1.0255.255.255.0172.16.1.1eth0 172.16.2.0255.255.255.0172.16.2.2eth1 Supernetting is not always perfect ! There is always a possibility of duplicate entries Supernetting is not always perfect ! There is always a possibility of duplicate entries Where to forward 10.0.4.8 ?

13 CIDR – Longest Prefix Match Use Patricia Tree (a compact representation of trie) for matching prefixes. 01 001011 100101 00* 0* 11*

14 Problem of IPv4 Mobility 10.13.128.0/15 172.16.0.0/16 10.13.128.16

15 Mobile IP 10.13.128.0/15 172.16.0.0/16 10.13.128.16 Home Agent Foreign Agent 192.168.100.19 Home AddressCare-Off Address 10.13.128.16172.16.0.121 HA: 10.13.128.0 CA: 172.16.0.121 Home AddressCare-Off Address 10.13.128.16172.16.0.121 SA: 192.168.100.19 DA: 10.13.128.16 Mobile IP Tunnel SA: 192.168.100.19 DA: 172.16.0.121

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