1. Joints
Chapter 8

2. What is a joint? Defined as the site where two or more bones meet.
Also called an “articulation”
Joints allow our skeleton mobility and they hold our skeleton together

3. Classification of Joints
Functional classification
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

4. Classification of Joints
Structural classification
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints

5. FIBROUS JOINTS General Characteristics
Bones are joined by fibrous tissue
No joint cavity is present
Most are immovable but some are slightly moveable

6. TYPES OF FIBROUS JOINTS
Sutures (synostoses)
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

7. FIBROUS JOINTS
Sutures

8. FIBROUS JOINTS
Syndesmoses

9. FIBROUS JOINTS
Gomphoses

10. CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS General Characteristics
Articulating surfaces are united by cartilage
No joint cavity
Can be synarthrotic or amphiarthrotic

11. TYPES OF CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
Synchondroses
Symphyses

12. CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS

13. Review Question
What is the scientific term for a joint that is immovable? a. Diarthrotic b. Amphiarthrotic c. Synarthrotic

14. Review Question
Which of the following is an example of a fibrous joint? a. Synchondroses b. Syndesmoses c. Symphyses

15. Review Question
Which of the following best describes a suture? a. Synchondroses b. Syndesmoses c. Symphyses d. Synostoses e. Gomphoses

16. SYNOVIAL JOINTS General Characteristics
Articular bones are separated by a fluid-filled cavity
Joints of limbs
Diarthrotic

17. SYNOVIAL JOINTS

18. SYNOVIAL JOINTS

19. Movements of synovial joints
Axis of motion
Nonaxial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial

20. GLIDING MOVEMENTS

21. Angular Movements

22. Angular Movements

23. Angular Movements

24. Special Movements

25. Special Movements

26. Special Movements

27. Review Question
Which of the following best describes someone who is “pigeon-toed”? a. Medial rotation b. Lateral rotation c. Circumduction d. Inversion e. Eversion

28. Review Question
Which of the following muscle actions best describes “windmill” exercises? a. Medial rotation b. Lateral rotation c. Circumduction d. Inversion e. Eversion

29. Types of Synovial Joints

30. Types of Synovial Joints

31. Types of Synovial Joints

32. Types of Synovial Joints

33. Types of Synovial Joints

34. Types of Synovial Joints

35. Review Question
Which of the following types of synovial joint is found within the joint between the 1st metacarpal and 1st phalange? a. Saddle b. Pivot c. Hinge d. Ball and socket e. Condyloid

36. Review Question
Which of the following types of synovial joint is found within the hip joint? a. Saddle b. Pivot c. Hinge d. Ball and socket e. Condyloid

37. Joint Injuries Sprains Dislocations Bursitis Tendonitis Arthritis
Synovitis