1. Matter

2. Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) Examples:
A brick has mass and takes up space
A desk has mass and takes up space
A pencil has mass and takes up space
Air has mass and takes up space
Mass vs. Weight
All of the above examples are considered matter because they have mass and take up space. Can you think of anything that would not be considered matter?

3. Physical Properties of Matter
any property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter
Examples
color
shape
taste
state/phase
density
D = m V

4. Chemical Properties of Matter
any property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance
Examples
flammability
reactivity with vinegar
reactivity with oxygen
Iron + Oxygen  Iron oxide (rust)
2Fe + 3O2  Fe2O3

5. Chemical or Physical Property?
Paper is white
Boiling point of H2O is 100oC
Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid and creates hydrogen gas
Nitrogen does not burn
Sulfur smells like rotten eggs
Physical Property
Physical Property
Chemical Property
Chemical Property
Physical Property

6. Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties
Substance/Matter
Physical Property
Chemical Property
Helium
Less dense than air
Nonflammable
Wood
Grainy texture
Flammable
Baking soda
White powder
Reacts with vinegar to produce bubbles
Powdered sugar
Does not react with vinegar
Rubbing alcohol
Clear liquid
Red food coloring
Red color
Reacts with bleach and loses color
Iron
Malleable
Reacts with oxygen

7. Physical Change a change in shape, size, color, or state
a change without a change in chemical composition
a change that is reversible
Examples
tearing paper
cutting your hair
change in state

8. Changes in States (Physical Changes)
Why do you think Bose-Einstein and plasma are not equally distanced from the other three states of matter?
Ionization
Plasma
Disposition
Recombination
Vaporization
(Evaporation/Boiling)
Gas
Condensation
Melting
Liquid
Solid
Freezing
Sublimation
All changes in state require a change in energy
Bose-Einstein

9. Phase Changes Simulation
Harcourt School
What happens when energy is added and/or taken away from matter?

10. combining sulfuric acid and sugar
Chemical Change
a change in which a substance becomes another substance having different properties
a change that is not reversible using ordinary physical means
Changes that usually cause heat, sound, light, odor, fizzing/foaming, color changes
You usually need more than one of the above characteristics to be considered a chemical change!
Examples
combining sulfuric acid and sugar
burning a piece of wood
soured milk

11. Chemical or Physical Change?
Bending a Paper Clip
Baking a cake
The sublimation of carbon dioxide
Crushing an aluminum can
Vinegar and baking soda combining to create salt and water
Physical Change
Chemical Change
Physical Change
Physical Change
Chemical Change

12. Why do you think the person’s weight is less on the moon?
Mass vs. Weight
Mass
a measure of how much matter an object is made of
does not change, regardless of where something or someone is
Weight
the force of gravity on an object
equal to the mass of the body times the local acceleration of gravity
Why do you think the person’s weight is less on the moon?
Mass = 59 kg
Mass = 59 kg
Weight = 579 N
Weight = 96 N

13. 5 Physical States of Matter
Bose-Einstein
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
(Newest State)

14. Bose-Einstein Condensate
Exist at extremely cold temperatures (around absolute zero or -460 oF)
Particles are super unexcited
Particles lock or “clump” together so firmly that they move as a single unit
Definite shape and volume (?)

15. Solid Particles are tightly compact
Particles vibrate without the ability to move freely
Definite shape and volume

16. Liquid
Particles are tightly compact, but able to move around close to each other
No definite shape, but definite volume

17. Gas Particles can easily spread out or move close together
Particle move freely and with a lot of energy
No definite shape or volume

18. Plasma
Why do you think this is the most common form/state of matter in the universe?
Exist at extremely high temperatures (several million degrees Celsius)
Particles are broken apart
Particles move freely and with extremely high energy
This form is not too common on Earth, however it is the most common form of matter in the universe
No definite shape or volume (?)
Examples: Florescent and neon lights, lightning, aurora borealis - + + + - -

19. Energy and the States of Matter
The physical states of matter result from the amount of energy the particles composing the matter have. Basically, more energy means more movement for the particles and less energy means less movement.
If you were to compare an ice cube and the steam created
from boiling water, which would you think has more energy?

20. States of Matter Continuum
What about this continuum could
be considered a little misleading?
Taken from:

21. Density
a measure of the amount of matter present in a given volume of a substance
typically expressed in the following units:
grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) for solids
grams per milliliter (g/ml) for liquids
does not depend on how much of a substance you have (intrinsic property) – in other words, the density of a gold bar would be the same as the density of a gold flake
can change as temperature and pressure change
Which do you think
is more dense? Why?

23. Layering Liquids
Using a test-tube and the eyedroppers, try to layer the four different
colored liquids so that the colors don’t mix and show distinct layers.
Hold the test-tube in your hand at a 45 degree angle.
Using the eyedropper from one of the colors, slowly place the
liquid into the test-tube.
Repeat step two using the other three liquids until you get them
layered. Record the order of the colors.
If you don’t get clear separation of the colors, you should empty the
contents of the test tube down the drain and start again. These steps
may need to be repeated several times until you discover the correct
order of the colors.
*Placing white paper behind the straws will help you
see the divisions

24. Layering Liquids - Discussion
Were you capable of layering the four liquids? If so, what was the correct order from the bottom up?
What difficulties did you experience when performing this activity?
Why do you think the liquids created layers when putting them in the test tube in the correct order?
Because these liquids are miscible, or partially miscible, they did not really create distinct layers. What do you think it means to be miscible?

25. Calculating Density
Density can be calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume
Sample Problem
Timothy found a solid metal block
that has a mass of 100 grams and
a volume of 25 cm3. What would be
the density of the block?
D = m V
D = =
100 grams
4 grams
cm3
25 cm3

26. Practice Problems D = D = 27 g 3.86 grams cm3 7 cm3 20 grams
Find the density of a substance with a mass of 27 g and a volume of 7 cm3.
2. A block of maple has a mass of 20 grams and a volume of 26.5 cm3. What is the density of the block?
D = m V
27 g
3.86 grams
cm3
D = =
7 cm3
D = m V
20 grams
0.75 grams
cm3
D = =
26.5 cm3

27. The Density Triangle
V = m D
D = m V
m = D V . m . D V