1. Geothermal Energy These are thermal plants 1. Steam/very hot water at the Earth’s surface. These sites are rare, and mostly exploited already. Example: “The Geysers” in California. – About 30 square miles active site. – About 1000 MW continual output.

3. Dry Steam and Flash Steam Requires very hot water/steam (The Geysers Model)

4. 2. Enhanced Geothermal Systems: Got Hot Rocks? AltaRock Energy Inc. at Newberry Volcano near Bend. AltaRock Drill one hole into hot (600 degrees F) dry rock Fracture rock by injecting cold water Drill more holes about 1500 feet away Pump water down original hole and out secondary holes. Convert to steam and use flash (direct) or heat exchanger/binary systems to drive steam turbine and generate electricity. January 2015 “Simulation” tests data analysis.Simulation

5. Enhanced Geothermal System Utilizing Hot, Dry Bedrock

6. 3. Binary System Water below boiling loops through a heat exchanger; second loop of low boiling point fluid flashes to gaseous state which turns turbine like steam would.

7. Example: U.S. Geothermal Neal Hot Springs—Harney County Binary System Utilizes hot water to boil secondary fluid with low boiling point in a heat exchanger; get “steam”; turn turbine. 23 MW Energy (perhaps enough for 26,000 homes) $136 million cost

8. Neal Hot Springs Geothermal Plant

9. “Negawatt” Let’s talk about reducing the demand side of energy--Conservation

10. In your home Lighting: – turn ‘em off when you leave the room

11. In your home Lighting: – turn ‘em off when you leave the room – replace all lights with LED fixtures

12. In your home Lighting: – turn ‘em off when you leave the room – replace all lights with LED fixtures Energy Trust of Oregon “Energy Saver Kits”Energy Saver Kits LEDs reduce lighting energy by 85% or more Pick a “temperature” from soft to bright white Take them with you when you move—they last forever The price is plummeting—down to $3 or so

13. In your home Hot Water: – Set water heater temperature at 120 degrees

14. In your home Hot Water: – Set water heater temperature at 120 degrees – Wash clothes in cold water

15. In your home Hot Water: – Set temperature at 120 degrees – Wash clothes in cold water – Heat Pump Water HeatersHeaters My old 50 gallon electric water heater estimated a yearly cost of $456. My new 50 gallon HP electric water heater estimated a yearly cost of $155--a 2/3rds savings. Cost new $700-$800 – Deduct State Tax Credit of $600.Credit – Deduct Federal Tax Credit of $300Credit

16. In your home Ductless Heat Pump Space HeatersHeaters (usually room specific) (“Mini-Splits” best option for most) System costs $5000 and up. Saves around 50% on space heating costs State Tax Credits of $800 and upCredits Energy Trust of Oregon cash of $800 (limitations)Oregon Federal Tax Credit up to $500Credit

17. In Your Home Programmable Thermostats – Put them on your space heating system

18. In Your Home Programmable Thermostats – Put them on your space heating system Remote Control Thermostats – Control these babies with your cell phone

19. In Your Home Programmable Thermostats Remote Control Thermostats Energy Star is your friend Energy Star – Find energy efficient appliances, heating systems, even houses on this government website.

20. In your home Unplug electronic crap (or use a power strip). Turning them off doesn’t really turn them off) – TiVos and Play Station Consoles are essentially computers, monitoring all the time. But unlike “real computers” and peripherals, they don’t have the “sleep” or “hibernate” modes, so just churn away when not in use. – Ghost drains—each cellphone/tablet/computer charger draws energy when not in use. Multiply yours times billions and it means a very large number of kilowatts going for... for nothing.

21. In your home Unplug electronic crap (or use a power strip) when not in use (turning them off doesn’t really turn them off) – TiVos and Play Station Consoles – Ghost Drains—Chargers – Unplug Televisions, Stereos, DVD players or use a powerstrip. Powerstrips are a “negawatt nerd’s” best friend

22. At School Turn off the lights wherever you go. Turn off the lights wherever you go Turn off the lights wherever you go.

23. “Enernet” / “Cleanweb” / “Soft Grid”Cleanweb Definition: Internet-enabled efficiency – A. Digital Lumens Company utilizes LED lights; motion sensors; ambient light sensors; data; internet technologies. Reduce energy consumption by 90% or more. (Read More)LumensMore

24. “Enernet” or “Cleanweb” or “Soft Grid” Definition: Internet-enabled efficiency – A. Digital Lumens Company utilizes LED lights; motion sensors; ambient light sensors; data; internet technologies. Reduce energy consumption by 90% or more. – B. Opower Company provides digital consumption alerts via smart phones, iPad apps, smart thermostats to make consumers aware of their energy use but also their neighbor’s use (anonymously). 85 unilities, 27 countries, 18 million homes.

25. “Enernet” or “Cleanweb” or “Soft Grid” Definition: Internet-enabled efficiency – A. Digital Lumens Company utilizes LED lights; motion sensors; ambient light sensors; data; internet technologies. Reduce energy consumption by 90% or more. – B. Opower Company provides digital consumption alerts via smart phones, iPad apps, smart thermostats to make consumers aware of their energy use but also their neighbor’s use (anonymously). 85 unilities, 27 countries, 18 million homes. – C. EnerNOC Company works with 14,000 customers in five states. When a utility nears capacity, contacts customers, who then reduce consumption for a fee. Can cut demand 30-35%

26. “Enernet” or “Cleanweb” or “Soft Grid” Definition: Internet-enabled efficiency – C. EnerNOC Company works with 14,000 customers in five states. When a utility nears capacity, contacts customers, who then reduce consumption for a fee. Can curtail 30-35% – D. Nest Labs Company sells thermostats that “learn” a house energy needs, and begins to set itself. “At its core it is a smart phone on your wall.” It is internet connected, so can be controlled remotely. It also allows devices in home to communicate with each other via internet—like CO2 detector “talking” with furnace.

27. Google!!!!! And Google is buying ‘em all. It is a great data collection resource, then that data can be used for.....”trust us” says Google, “just trust us”

28. The “Smart” Grid Surfaced five years ago then faded away “Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demo. Proj.” – Means to “adjust load” = “reduce demand” Bondurant Wyoming—Utility can control private water heaters temporarily Portland General Electric 5MW battery bank can carry 500 homes for 20 minutes Flathead Electric Company (MT) Differential Pricing. Appliances programmed to turn on when price is low/not turn on when price is high (4X higher max).