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Published byAlaina Cunningham Modified over 9 years ago
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ADVERB CLAUSES
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Time : When :Doris will leave for the airport when the bus arrives. Until :Tom waits in the airport until his flight is announced. While :Doris reads the paper while she is waiting for the bus. Before :She took the training course before she got on the plane. After :The plane landed after the passengers had fastened their seat belts. As :Bob was looking out of the tower as the fire broke out. As soon as :Mary greeted the passengers as soon as they came aboard. Since :Tom has done good deeds since he took his oath. Whenever :Dick gives his seat to a lady whenever he rides on a bus. Once :Tim can explain to others once he understands anything himself. By the time :The sun had set by the time the boys had put up their tents.
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Place : Where :Please put those books back where they belong to. Wherever :You can park your car wherever you find a space
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. Manner : As :You must do everything as I told you. As if :It looks as if it were going to rain. As though :He gets angry with me as though I made a mistake.
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Reason : Because :I moved to the front row because I couldn’t hear the speaker. Since :Since he wants to buy a new hat, he borrows some money. As :As he had to study, Bob left for home early. Seeing that :Seeing that your friend is coming, you don’t need to call him.
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Purpose: So that:You should study harder so that you can pass the coming exam. In order that:Most of people study English now in order that they can get better job. In case:You should take more warm clothes in case the weather may change. Lest:I should have the passport with me lest the custom officers may ask for it.
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Contrast: Although:Although I try several times, I still can't figure out the problem. Though:The students still go to school though the weather is rainy.
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Result : So..... that :He speaks so fast that we can’t understand anything. Such..... that :He is such a busy man that he hasn’t been able to arrange any date so far.
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Comparison : As..... as :This lesson is as confusing as all the other ones (are). Er..... than :You look much happier today than you were yesterday. More.... than :She is more charming than my friend (is).
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Condition: If:If I were you, I would not go to the party. Unless:Unless you go to class often, you can't pass all your tests.
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SUMMARY CHART OF MODALS & SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS MODALSUSESEXAMPLES may polite request formal permission possibility - less than 50 % certainty May I borrow your pen? You may leave the room. Where’s John? He may be at the library. might possibility - less than 50 % certainty Where’s John? He might be at the library. should advisability expectation (future, not present) I should study harder. She should be here in ten minutes ought to advisability expectation (future, not present) I ought to study harder. She ought to be here in ten minutes
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SUMMARY CHART OF MODALS & SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS had better advisability (with threat of bad result) you had better be on time, or we'll leave without you. must necessity prohibition (negative) possibility (logical conclusion) I must stop smoking. You must not see such a film. Nancy isn’t in class. She must be sick. have to necessity lack of necessity (negative) I have to study this lesson. I don’t have to go to class today. will polite request future prediction Will you please pass me the sugar? The weather will be hotter in the next 10 years. be going to definite plan / intention I’m going to take the midterm examination in July.
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SUMMARY CHART OF MODALS & SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS can ability / inability (present) possibility informal request informal permission impossibility (negative only) I can speak 2 languages. / I can't swim. He can come this evening. Can I borrow your pen? You can use my car tomorrow. That can’t be true ! could past ability / inability polite request suggestion possibility impossibility I could run fast when I was young. I couldn't smoke. Could you help me? Where’s John? He could be at home now. That couldn’t be true !
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SUMMARY CHART OF MODALS & SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS be able to Ability I am able to help you. I will be able to help you. would polite request preference past habit Would you please close the window for me? I would rather stay at home than go out. When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend. used to past habit I used to smoke a lot when I was a teenager. shall polite suggestion future (with I or We) Shall I open the door? We shall finish the lesson in a minute
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