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Causes Treaty of Versailles Failure of International Pacts Collapse of the Peace System French Military Strategy Destruction of the League of Nations Policy of Appeasement Fascist Foreign Policy
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Treaty of Versailles Article 231 Heavy German Reparations ($32 billion) Limit of Germany’s military Hand over colonies and merchant fleet. Give 1/3 of the coal extracted. Redrawn boundaries. Punitive Peace.
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Impact of Versailles: The settlement left considerable nationalist dissatisfaction among Germany’s wartime allies in Central Europe and the Balkans. Even among the victorious power, the treaty generated some apprehension. It seemed a precarious peace. When Marshall Foch of France read the treaty, he exclaimed, “This isn’t a peace, it’s a twenty year truce!”
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International Pacts: 1922 The Washington Conference. –Disarmament movement. –Limit the sizes of the navies by tonnage. 1925 The Locarno Pact –Germany accepted post-war borders. –Germany signed treaties with France, Belgium, Poland, and Czech 1928 The Kellogg-Briand Pact: –Renounce the use of warfare as policy.
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Collapse of the Peace System (1929 - 1939) Allied Unwillingness Nations economically depressed. Government policy and public support unwilling to keep Germany in check.
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French Military Strategy: Lessons of World War I Linear Defense Developed a defensive mentality. Constructed the Maginot Line Weapons development promotes the development of mobile weapons.
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The Destruction of the League of Nations : 1931 Japan invades Manchuria 1935 Mussolini invades Ethiopia 1938 Anschluss (Austria) 1938 Germany claims the Sudentenland Hitler’s foreign policy.
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Policy of Appeasement Munich Conference German demands for a Greater German Nation Britain and France concede to Hitler’s demands. Sudentenlands of Czechoslovakia were given to Germany. 6 months later, Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia
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Fascist Foreign Policy: Destroy Versailles Rearm Germany. Lebensraum. True Intentions were war and territorial expansion.
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Russo-German Non-aggression Pact Treaty signed by the German and Soviet governments Design had both nations split Poland. Ensured Hitler of a controlled war.
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World War II The Axis Phase: 1939 Germany Invades Poland.
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Blitzkrieg
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Fall of France: France Falls in Five Weeks. England remains.
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The Battle of Britain: Operation Sea Lion Secure the Sea lanes of the English Channel Destroy the RAF First Air Battle
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Their Finest Hour
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The Turning Point (1942): The Battle of Stalingrad The Battle of Tobruk The Battle of Midway (Pacific)
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The Final Solution: The Extermination of the World Jewry:
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Normandy: U.S and U.K. open up a second front. Fortress Europa breached.
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