1. A Primer on Non-Life Insurance Ratios Craig Thorburn Cthorburn@worldbank.org

2. A Primer on Non-Life Insurance Ratios Technical Provisions

3. Unearned Premiums Methods elaborated in attachment Could make your own estimate using premium data from returns

4. An instructive example

5. Un-expired Risk Unearned premium depends on adequate premium rates Consider profitability of business

6. Claims Paid to Provisions Can be influenced by many factors Probably would only point to a need for further investigation.

7. An Example

8. Incurred but Not Reported Claims Would be constant in a stable claims environment and with stable claims management and provisioning practices.

9. Alternative Claims Estimates Requires internal capacity to make an alternative estimate Can then compare –Company provision with alternative assessment –last years expectations for the current year with the actual outcome

10. A Primer on Non-Life Insurance Ratios Fourth Break