1. The Macro environment The company and all of the other actors operate in a larger macro environment of forces that shape opportunities and pose threats to the company.

2. The Company’s Macro environment

3. Economic Environment Changes in Income – 1980’s – consumption frenzy – 1990’s – “squeezed consumer” – 2000’s – value marketing Income Distribution – Upper class – Middle class – Working class – Underclass Consists of factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns.

4. Natural Environment Involves the natural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities.

5. Technological Environment Most dramatic force now shaping our destiny.

6. Cultural Environment The institutions and other forces that affect a society’s basic values, perceptions, preference, and behaviors.

7. Political Environment Includes Laws, Government Agencies, and Pressure Groups that Influence or Limit Various Organizations and Individuals In a Given Society. Increasing Legislation Changing Government Agency Enforcement Increased Emphasis on Ethics & Socially Responsible Actions

8. Responding to the Marketing Environment Environmental Management Perspective Taking a proactive approach to managing the environment by taking aggressive (rather than reactive) actions to affect the publics and forces in the marketing environment. This can be done by: – Hiring lobbyists – Running “advertorials” – Pressing lawsuits – Filing complaints – Forming agreements to control channels