1. Organic Chemistry Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

2. Why so many Carbon compounds?! Group #_14__________________ metal, nonmetal, metalloid bond type__covalent____ Valance electrons__4__ Lewis Dot formula Bonding Capacity__4____ C CCC C C C Single Bond Double Bond Triple Bond

3. Bonding Capacity of H, O, N O N H 1 2 3

4. Hmmm, I seem to remember something about that....... Electronegativity: METALS NONMETALS Why covalent bonds? ·The ability to pull electrons away from another element ·elements in the NE part of the periodic table have stronger pull

5. Properties of Covalent Compounds ·Covalent compounds generally have much lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds. ·Covalent compounds don't conduct electricity in water. ·Covalent compounds aren't usually very soluble in water. ·Covalent compounds tend to be more flammable than ionic compounds.

6. Chemical Formulas (Molecular formulas) CH 4 methane C 2 H 6 ethane Structural Formulas Lewis Dot C H H H H C C H H HH H H C H H H H C C H H HH H H each pair of electrons = one single bond one pair of electrons

7. Condensed Structural Formula C3H8C3H8 C C C H H H H H H H H CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 Propane Structural Formula Chemical (molecular) Formula Condensed Structural Formula same as structural just take away the lines!

8. TRY IT C 4 H 10

9. ANOTHER WAY C 6 H 14 count how many CH 2 's there are

10. HOMOLOGOUS SERIES ·a series of organic compounds with a similar general formula ·possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group, and ·shows a gradation in physical properties as a result of increase in molecular size and mass

11. ALKANES ·straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbons in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single covalent bonds. ·"saturated" ·general formula is C n H 2n+2 where "n" is the # of carbons · end with the suffix " ane "

12. Naming Straight Chain Alkanes (C n H 2n+2 ) Prefix is determined by the number of carbon atoms in the chain: S uffix is "ane" me th C1CH 4 e th C2C 2 H 6 p rop C3 but C4 pent C5 hex C6 hept C7 oct C8 non C9 dec C10

13. Functional Group Functional groups are specific atoms, ions, or groups of atoms having consistent properties. A functional group makes up part of a larger molecule. In branched alkanes the functional group in an "ALKYL" group methyl ethyl Naming Branched Alkanes CH 3 C2H5C2H5 one less Hydrogen! yl ending

16. 3,4-dimethyl heptane

18. · Name and number the longest carbon chain as for a straight chain alkane. · Identify each of the branches (side-chains). · Use the lowest number combinations for the branches (side-chains). · Name each branch or side-chain (alkyl group) : methyl CH3 ethyl C2H5 propyl C3H7 · For more than 1 of the same alkyl group use: di = 2 tri = 3 tetra = 4 · Use commas between numbers, eg, 1,2 or 2,3 · Use hyphens between numbers and words, eg, 2-methyl or 2,3-dimethyl · If there is more than 1 type of branch or side-chain, arrange their names alphabetically, ie, ethyl groups are named before methyl groups which are named before propyl groups Naming Branched Chain Alkanes http://www.ausetute.com.a u/nambanes.html