1. V ERB T ENSES

2. W HAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A REGULAR VERB AND AN IRREGULAR VERB ?

3. P RINCIPAL P ARTS OF VERBS There are four principal parts of verbs: present, present participle, past, and past participle. PresentPresent Participle PastPast Participle join(is/am/are) joining joined(have/has/ had) joined

4. W HAT YOU NEED TO KNOW … Tense = TIME There are six tenses that you use every day in your speaking and writing. These six tenses are present tense, past tense, future tense, present perfect tense, past perfect tense, and future perfect tense.

5. S IMPLE T ENSES The present, past, and future tenses are called the simple tenses.

6. S IMPLE T ENSES 1. Definition: tells what happens now. Example – We climb over the rocks. We eat dinner. A. How it is identified: –s or –es endings (climb, eats) B. Simple present tense verbs have a singular form and plural form. C. No helping verbs are used with the simple present tense verbs.

7. S IMPLE T ENSES 2. Definition: tells what already happened. Example: We climbed over the rocks. We ate dinner. A. How it is identified : –ed, -d, -t endings (climbed) or by their irregular past tense spelling (ate). B. Past tense verbs do not have a singular or plural form. C. No helping verbs are used with the simple past tense verbs.

8. S IMPLE T ENSES 3. Definition: tells what will happen later. Example: I will climb over the rocks. We will eat dinner. A. How it is identified : will/shall + verb B. Future tense verbs do not have a singular or plural form. C. Only the helping verbs will or shall can be used with the simple future tense.

9. P ERFECT T ENSES The perfect tenses include the present perfect, the past perfect, and the future perfect. You can identify the perfect tenses easily by following the guidelines below.

10. P ERFECT T ENSES When you tell about something that is happening in two time periods, one earlier than the other, you will use the perfect tenses. The word perfect means something which is completed. Therefore, all perfect tenses tell about something that began at an earlier time and that is completed in a present, past, or future time.

11. P ERFECT T ENSES 4. Definition: tells about an action that has begun in the past but is completed in the present. Example: He has finished his homework. We have eaten our dinner.

12. P ERFECT T ENSES 1. How it is identified: has or have + verb A. The helping verb has is singular, and the helping verb have is plural. B. Use has or have with a main verb. (has finished, have finished – has eaten, have eaten)

13. P ERFECT T ENSES 5. Definition: tells about an action that was completed before another event, which was also in the past. Example: He had finished his homework before Mom came home. We had eaten our dinner before company arrived.

14. P ERFECT T ENSES 2. How is it identified: had + verb A. The helping verb had does not have a singular or plural form because it is past tense. B. Use had with a main verb. (had finished – had eaten)

15. P ERFECT T ENSES 6. Definition: tells about an action that will be completed at a certain time in the future. Example: By Friday, he will have finished his homework. We will have eaten our dinner by game time.

16. P ERFECT T ENSES 3. How it is identified: will have or shall have + verb. A. Future perfect tense verbs do not have a singular or plural form. B. Use will/shall have with a main verb, (will have finished, shall have finished – will have eaten, shall have eaten)