1. IOSH West Wales Branch Construction Update Bridge Innovation Centre Pembroke Dock Wednesday 30 th September2015 1 IOSH West Wales Branch

2. Tom Cullen CMgr FCMI, CMIOSH, MIIRSM, Cert.Ed, Dip.RSA 2 IOSH West Wales Branch

3. Workshop Content 1.Introduction 2.Health & Safety Law 3.Construction Update 4.Summary 3 IOSH West Wales Branch

4. 4 Introduction Highly likely that at some stage during employment you will be aware of, or involved with some aspect of the construction industry. The use of sub-contractors is very common at all levels of the industry. Could range from minor modification of a building, to major engineering projects; Important that persons involved in the management of H&S have basic knowledge and H&S legal requirements.

5. Introduction Statistics At the start of 2014: Small and medium sized businesses employed 15.2 million people and had a combined turnover of £1.6 trillion. 18% of all SMEs in the UK private sector operate in the Construction sector IOSH West Wales Branch 5

6. 6 Scope of Construction Scope is very wide and includes: General building work; Larger civil engineering projects; Water supply & sewage schemes. All of above could involve hazardous operations; or Contact with hazardous materials. Involvement of young persons requires strict supervision and safety arrangements, especially where on-site training is occurring.

7. HEALTH & SAFETY What is Health & Safety about? Preventing people from being harmed at work or becoming ill by taking the right precautions – and providing a satisfactory working environment. IOSH West Wales Branch 7

8. HEALTH & SAFETY Why are there Health & Safety laws? Health & Safety at work is so Important, there are rules which require all of us not to put ourselves or others in danger. The law is also there to protect the public from workplace dangers. IOSH West Wales Branch 8

9. HEALTH & SAFETY Do Health & Safety Laws apply to me? Yes. To all businesses, however small; also to the self-employed and to employees. IOSH West Wales Branch 9

10. HEALTH & SAFETY Who enforces Health & Safety Law? Inspectors from the Health & Safety Executive (HSE) or your local authority. For example: HSE at factories, farms and building sites; Local authorities in offices, shops, hotels and catering, and leisure activities. IOSH West Wales Branch 10

11. HEALTH & SAFETY What do Inspectors actually do? Visit workplaces to ensure compliance Investigate some accidents and complaints Provide advice They enforce only when something is seriously wrong. IOSH West Wales Branch 11

12. LEGISLATION Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 Enabling Act which allows for subordinate legislation such as Statutory Instruments (Sis): COSHH Noise at Work Regulations PPE Regulations PUWER MHSWR IOSH West Wales Branch 12

13. Obligations of Employers -Section 2(2) It shall be the duty so far as is reasonably practicable to ensure the health, safety and welfare at work of all employees and the employer should provide:  Healthy and safe systems at work;  Healthy and safe working environment;  Safe plant, machinery, equipment & appliances;  Safe methods for handling, storing & transporting;  Adequate instruction, training and supervision;  Safe method of access to and egress from workplace. IOSH West Wales Branch 13

14. HSWA 1974 Section 7: (Employees) It shall be the duty of every employee while at work to take reasonable care for the health and safety of himself and of other persons who may be affected by his acts or omissions at work; and to co-operate with his employer in order to enable health and safety requirements to be complied with. IOSH West Wales Branch 14

15. HSWA 1974 Section 8: Everyone has a duty not to interfere with or misuse anything provided in the interests of health and safety or welfare, as a result of legal requirements. IOSH West Wales Branch 15

16. IOSH West Wales Branch16 So Far as is Reasonably Practicable The seriousness of the risk can be weighed against the difficulty and cost of removing it or reducing it. Where the difficulty and costs are high, and an assessment of the risk shows it to be comparatively low, action may not need to be taken. On the other hand where the risk is high action must be taken at whatever cost. RISK COST (Edwards v. National Coal Board 1949 Mr Edwards was killed when a section of road gave way. The section had no timber supports).

17. SAFETY POLICY Written Policy if five or more employees. The Law requires that a written H&S Policy should include the following Policy statement - What the organisation is trying to achieve in safety Organisation of health and safety - Who has general and specific safety responsibilities Arrangements for health and safety - How they will carry out their safety responsibilities IOSH West Wales Branch 17

18. Statistics Construction industry remains one of the main high-risk industries - but only accounts for approximately 5% of workforce. In 2013/2014 it accounted for 31% of the fatal injuries and 10% of reported major injuries/incidents (HSE 2014). HSE estimate that for the same period there were 76,000 total cases of work related ill health. Injuries accounted for 592,000 lost working days, and ill health for 1.7 million days (HSE, 2014). (See below how not to work at height) IOSH West Wales Branch 18

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24. Fatal Injuries 2014/15 (HSE) IndustryEmployeeSelf EmployedWorkerPublicTotal Agriculture141933437 Mining1-112 Utilities516713 Construction241135439 Service401151105156 All9943143123265 IOSH West Wales Branch24

25. Statistics In the last 20 years there has been a significant reduction in the numbers and rates of injury in the construction industry. Believed to be partly due to the introduction of the Construction Design Management (CDM) Regulations 1994. In the past 5 years the trend has continued, with an average rate of fatal injury of 2.1 per 100,000 workers. In 2013/14 there were 2.0 fatal injuries per 100,000 workers (HSE, 2014). (See below good practice) IOSH West Wales Branch 25

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30. Statistics CDM Regulations have made a significant difference to improving awareness of health and safety risks in construction and in promoting communication and coordination between parties on projects and seek to: Address concerns regarding serious and fatal injuries having shifted in the past 10–15 years from large sites to small sites where there are fewer than 15 workers. IOSH West Wales Branch 30

31. Update - CDM – 2007 to 2015 Reasons for change: It is believed that: CDM 2007 Regulations had not reduced bureaucracy Industry approach to assessment of competence was heavy handed and created another layer of bureaucracy. Coordination function in the pre-construction phase was not generally well handled. IOSH West Wales Branch 31

32. CDM CHANGES Revision aims to simplify existing Regulations and improve interpretation; To align better with the EU Temporary and Mobile Construction Sites Directive (TMCSD). The key changes from the existing Regulations are highlighted below. 6 April 2015 the CDM Regulations changed the way in which Health & Safety is managed during the procurement, design and build phases of a construction project. CDM Regulations apply to all construction work/projects and always have; Not a new phenomenon- as thought by many. IOSH West Wales Branch 32

33. CDM CHANGES key changes from existing Regulations are highlighted below. The Regulations will apply in full to all projects where there is more than one Contractor i.e. virtually all projects, irrespective of size or project duration. CDM Co-ordinator Role The CDM Co-ordinator role has now been removed. Duties now split between Client, Principal Contractor and a newly created duty-holder –‘Principal Designer’. IOSH West Wales Branch 33

34. CDM CHANGES Appointments When more than one Contractor will be required on a construction project the following parties must be appointed in writing by the Client. Principal Designer Principal Contractor Failure to do so will result in the Client inheriting the legal responsibility for the duties of the above parties. IOSH West Wales Branch 34

35. CDM CHANGES Domestic Projects Domestic projects are no longer exempt from the Regulations. If the Client for domestic work does not appoint a Principal Designer or Principal Contractor these duties are automatically placed on the first appointed Designer and Contractor accordingly. IOSH West Wales Branch 35

36. CDM CHANGES Client Responsibilities Client required to appoint Principal Designer where there is more than one Contractor involved on a project, regardless of project timescale/notifiable status. The Client must ensure that the Principal Designer complies with their duties. IOSH West Wales Branch 36

37. CDM CHANGES HSE Notification The requirements for notification under regulation 6 of CDM 2015 if the construction work on site is scheduled to: last longer than 30 working days and have more than 20 contractors working simultaneously at any point during the project; or exceed 500 person days. The changed criteria are likely to reduce the number of notifiable projects. IOSH West Wales Branch 37

38. CDM CHANGES HSE Notification Who needs to notify? The client for the construction work is required to send the notification. Exceptions where client is a domestic client so responsibility for notification automatically passes to the contractor (or Principal Contractor where there is more than one). Principal Designer can assume responsibility for notification of a domestic project, but only where there is written agreement between the domestic client and the Principal Designer that they will carry out the client duties. IOSH West Wales Branch 38

39. CDM CHANGES Principal Designer ‘Principal Designer’ role will be undertaken by an ‘individual or organisation in control of the Pre Construction Phase’. This could, for example, be the Lead Designer, Project Manager or indeed the Client themselves on simple projects. Principal Designer is responsible for co-ordinating health and safety aspects of pre-construction phase of project. IOSH West Wales Branch 39

40. CDM CHANGES Pre Construction Information The Client is now responsible for preparing and disseminating the Pre Construction Information (formerly done by the CDMC). Construction Phase Plan Clients must ensure that an adequate Construction Phase Plan is drawn up by the Principal Contractor. Appointments When more than one Contractor will be required on a construction project the following parties must be appointed in writing by the Client. Principal Designer Principal Contractor Failure to do so will result in the Client inheriting the legal responsibility. IOSH West Wales Branch 40

41. Pre-Construction Information (Principal Designer) Typical Pre-Construction Example Information Document Includes: Description of the project, Programming Dates Management Requirements and Arrangements for:  Planning for and managing construction work  Communication and liaison  Security of the site  Welfare provision  Health and Safety Affecting Third Parties  Environmental Restrictions, Existing Site Risks  Safety Hazards  Health Hazards  Significant design and construction hazards IOSH West Wales Branch 41

42. Construction Phase Plan (Principal Contractor) Typical Information: General Health and Safety Policy Statement Safety Policy Statement for Site Work CDM Policy Statement Professional Safety Advisors Statement Information, Instruction and Training Site Rules Emergency Procedures First Aid Welfare Arrangements Arrangements for Monitoring health and Safety Method Statements, Risk Assessments and COSHH Assessments Fire Plan Housekeeping Key Participants IOSH West Wales Branch 42

43. Health & Safety File Record of relevant information for the client. developed as the construction progresses with various sub- contractors adding information as it becomes available. Typical contents will include:  The location of services and instructions on any equipment or items fitted  Plans and drawings  Details of equipment in the building or structure  Equipment and maintenance procedures  Location of services and utilities, and  Manuals produced by specialist contractors and suppliers. IOSH West Wales Branch 43

44. Method Statement Information Hazards/Risks Preventative and Emergency Measures PPE Requirements Environmental Measures Protection of Others Task Description Employee Training/Competence Plant and Equipment Preparation and Induction Welfare Facilities First Aid Measures Step by Step Procedures Schedule of Works List of Employees IOSH West Wales Branch44

45. IOSH West Wales Branch45 Part Risk Assessment – Bricklaying (HSE example) What are the hazards? Who might be harmed and how? What are you already doing? What further action is necessary? Action by who? Action by when? Done Falling from height Serious injury or even fatal injury could occur if a worker falls. Agree scaffolding requirements at contract stage, including; appropriate load rating and provision of loading bays; bricklayers’ supervisor to check with the site manager that the correct scaffold is provided and inspected; workers instructed not to interfere with or misuse scaffold; supervisor to keep an eye out for problems. Ladders in good condition, adequately secured (lashed) and placed on firm surface. Band stands with handrails to be used for work on internal walls.; Workers trained to put up bandstands Scaffold requirements agreed, including loading bays and appropriate load rating. Supervisor to speak regularly to site manager to arrange scaffold alterations and ensure that weekly inspections have been carried out. An other12/12/1211/12/12

46. Key Points Summary: 1.Important that persons involved in the management of H&S have basic knowledge and H&S legal requirements associated with construction; 2.Ensure that all employees receive appropriate information, instruction, training and supervision; 3.Aspire to promote good standards of health & safety which in turn will help to improve a safety culture and morale. IOSH West Wales Branch46

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