1. Welcome Back Pick up a Packet! UAA, Cody Augdahl, 2005

2. Purves, Neuroscience, 2004

3. Circle of Willis

4. Major Arteries

7. Ganglionic Arteries

8. Cortical Supply

9. Deep Regions of Cortical Supply

10. Aphasias Early studies revealed that damage to each of two cortical areas; one in the lateral frontal region and the other in the posterior superior temporal lobe, was associated with language impairment. Aphasia is a defect in language processing caused by dysfunction of the dominant hemisphere

11. Aphasias Connections through the corpus callosum incorporate the non-dominant hemisphere in both recognition and production of the affective elements of speech Difficulty with intended tone of other’s voice as well as appropriate expression of their own voice

12. Aphasias Disorders Commonly Mistaken for Aphasia- –Speech Production Disorders- dysarthria, mutism –Auditory Disorders –Defects in Arousal and Attention –Psychiatric Disorders- schizophrenia, conversion disorders, somatoform disorders –Uncooperative Patient

13. Wernicke’s Area Area- Brodmann 22 (adjacent to primary auditory cortex) Posterior 2/3rds of Superior Temporal Gyrus in Dominant Hemisphere Initial steps of the processing of language, identification of sound sequences for meaningful comprehension

14. Wernicke’s Aphasia Impaired Comprehension Paraphasic Errors - inappropriate substitutions, or a part of a word Neologisms (nonwords) Difficulty naming Usually unaware of their deficit (anosognosia)

15. Broca’s Area Areas Brodmann 44-45 Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Dominant Hemisphere Motor program that activates particular sequences of sounds to produce words The articulation of sounds (speech) originates from the face area of the primary motor cortex

16. Broca’s Aphasia Decreased Fluency of Spontaneous Speech –Phrase length < 5 words –Content words (nouns) > Function Words (prepositions, articles) –Naming difficulties –Aware of their deficit –Global Aphasia?

17. Communication between Wernicke’s and Broca’s Areas Subcortical White Matter Pathway called the Arcuate Fasciculus Neuroscience, 2006

18. Case Studies Regions, Vessels and Function

19. Cortical Supply

20. Deep Regions of Cortical Supply

21. Ganglionic Arteries

22. Major Arteries

23. Blumenfeld, 2002

24. let’s move a bit out of the brain……