1. New England

2. Contrast effects of economic, geographic, social, and political conditions before and after European explorations of the fifteenth through seventeenth centuries on Europeans, American colonists, and indigenous Americans. -ACOS 1

3.  In September 1620, 102 set off on a journey across the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower.  The trip took 65 days.  They encountered rough weather and decided to settled at Plymouth.

4.  As soon as they arrived they went to work building a “common house.”  After constructed the colony a plague swept through and killed all but 50 of the colonists.  The surviving colonists would have also perished had it not been for the Native American, Squanto.  He taught them about their new environment and directed them how to set their corn, where to take fish, and how to procure other commodities.

5.  Around the time King Charles took the England throne a depression struck in England’s wool industry.  This depression caused high unemployment, particularly in England’s southern countries where many Puritans lived.  Many wealthy Puritans who were stockholders in the Massachusetts Bay Company were granted a royal charter, and in March 1630, eleven ships carrying 900 settlers set sail.

6.  As conditions in England grew worse more and more Puritans and settlers decided to leave England for the colonies. This movement was later called the Great Migration.  By 1643 an estimated 20,00 settlers had arrived in New England.

7.  People who owned stock in the MBC (Massachusetts Bay Company) were called “freemen.”  All the freemen together were called the General Court.  The General Court made the laws and elected the governor. John Winthrop was elected as the first governor.

8.  Puritans tried to suppress other religions in the colonies which led to conflict with those who disagreed with them.  Just as the Angelican intolerance of the Puritan religion led to the founding of Massachusetts, Puritan intolerance led to the founding of other colonies in New England.

9.  A devout Puritan, Hutchinson held prayer meetings in her home. The groups discussed sermons and compared preachers.  As her following grew, she began to claim that she knew which ministers had salvation and which ones did not.  In 1637 the General Court Hutchinson was charged with heresy and immediately banished.

10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- zxYPuVYY7M&safe=active

11.  In 1636 Thomas Hooker the General Court permission to move his entire congregation to the Connecticut River Valley.  In 1637 they adopted a constitution known as the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- the first written constitution in the colonies.

12.  Much of the territory north of Massachusetts had been granted to, Sir Fernando Gorges and Captain John Mason who split the grant in half.  Mason took the southern part (New Hampshire) and Gorges took the northern part (Maine).  Massachusetts claimed both of the new states, but an English court ruled against them.  1679- New Hampshire became a royal colony, but Maine was purchased by Massachusetts and remained a part of the colony until 1820.

13.  For almost 40 years the New England settlers and the Natives had good relations.  By the 1670s however, colonial governments began to demand that Natives follow English customs and laws.  Tensions between the two peak in 1675 when Plymouth colony arrested and executed three Wampanoag for murder.  The Natives attacked sparking the beginning of King Phillip’s War.  The war, which the settlers won in 1678, was a turning point. Few Native Americans remained in New England, and those who survived were scattered.

14. 1. How did Winthrop’s religious beliefs affect the way Massachusetts Bay Colony was governed? 2. Why were Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson banished from Massachusetts? 3. How did the Connecticut and Massachusetts constitutions differ?

15. 4. What two colonies were established north of Massachusetts? 5. In what way was King Phillip’s War a turning point for Native Americans and settlers in New England? 6. How did Thomas Hooker’s beliefs promote the idea of separation of church and state?

16. 7. In what ways were the causes and effects of the Pequot War and King Phillip’s War similar? 8. Use a graphic organizer like the one below to list the New England colonies and the reasons they were founded. ColonyReasons Founded