1. Wake-up 1.Draw two water molecules. Label the positive and negative ends. Connect the two molecules together with a hydrogen bond. 2.Explain what property of water is shown in the picture to the right.

2. Wake-up 1.All living things are made up of 6 elements. List as many as you can. 1.What does the prefix mono- mean? 1.What does the prefix di- mean? 1.What does the prefix poly- mean?

3. Biochemistry: Structure Christopherson

4. What is Biochemistry? Chemistry of living organisms

5. Basic Elements of Life Remember: CHNOPS C = Carbon H = Hydrogen N = Nitrogen O = OxygenP = Phosphorus S = Sulfur

6. How to “read” molecular structures Bond Double Bond

7. How to “read” molecular structure Bond Carbon

8. What does this have to do with Biology???

9. Four Macromolecules: 1. Carbohydrates

10. Four Macromolecules: 2. Lipids

11. Four Macromolecules: 3. Proteins

12. Four Macromolecules: 4. Nucleic Acids

13. Monomer Single molecule One subunit Example: Single bead for a necklace

14. Polymer Many molecules More than one subunit Example: Beads making up a necklace

15. Carbohydrate Also known as: Sugars and starches Elements present: How many of each element are present? C, H, O C=6, H=12, O=6 Ratio – 1:2:1

16. Monomer of a Carbohydrate Simple Sugar or Monosaccharide

17. Polymer of a Carbohydrate Complex sugar

18. Type of Carb: Monosaccharide Explanation: One sugar / Simple Sugar Example: Glucose or Fructose

19. Type of Carb: Disaccharide Explanation: Two sugars Example: Sucrose

20. Type of Carb: Polysaccharide Explanation: Many Sugars

21. Example of a Polysaccharides Cellulose: Found in plants

22. Example of a Polysaccharide Starch: Found in plants

23. Examples of a Polysaccharide Chitin: Found in fungus and arthropods

24. Example of a Polysaccharide Glycogen: Found stored in animal livers and muslces

25. Lipids Also known as: Fats, Oils, and Waxes Elements present: Monomer: Polymer: C, H, O high ratios Glycerol and fatty acid tails Triglyceride

26. Saturated Fats Fatty acid tail that has all single bonds; “saturated” with carbon

27. Unsaturated Fats Fatty acid tail that has double bonds; “bends” or “kinks” in the structure

29. df

30. What is the difference between a carbohydrate and a lipid?

31. Protein Elements present: C, H, O, N, and sometimes S R is the point of attachment for structures that make each amino acid unique

32. Protein Monomers Amino Acid

33. Protein Polymer Protein: Amino acids are held together by peptide bonds

34. Protein Structure

35. Proteins fold and fold and fold….

36. Nucleic Acids Elements present: Monomer: C,H,O,N,P Nucleotide

37. Nucleic Acids Polymer: Nucleic acid Nucleotide

38. Identifying Macromolecules: Practice C,H,N,O PROTEIN!!!!

39. Identifying Macromolecules C,H,N,O,P NUCLEIC ACID!!!!

40. Identifying Macromolecules C,H,OCARBOHYDRATE!!!!

41. Identifying Macromolecules C,H,N,O PROTEIN!!!!

42. Identifying Macromolecules C,H,O CARBOHYDRATE!!!!

43. Identifying Macromolecules C,H,N,O PROTEIN!!!!

44. Identifying Macromolecules C,H,OLIPID!!!!

45. Biochemistry Review Video