1. The Rise of Fascism 6.5 | Post-war Policies Fail

2. The Treaty of Versailles The League of Nations o Collective Security The Kellogg- Briand Pact o Disarmament

3. The Balkans

4. Fascist Italy WWI o Aided Allies – Yugoslavia and “betrayal” 1920s o Political corruption o Social deterioration o Economic stagnation o Fascism rises (develops) Benito Mussolini o Gathered nationalists and veterans (Black Shirts) into a right-wing party o Fascists from Latin fasces 1925 – Mussolini in power with Fascist party o Totalitarian state – extreme nationalism o State-controlled o Appeal of Fascism in time of crisis

5. Building a Totalitarian State 1)Single-party dictatorship with blind obedience to a single leader 2)State control of the economy 3)Use of police spies and terror to enforce will of the state 4)Government control of the media to indoctrinate citizens through propaganda 5)Use of schools and youth organizations to spread ideology to children 6)Strict censorship of artists and intellectuals with dissenting opinions

6. Indoctrination To instruct in a body of doctrine or principle, which is to be accepted uncritically

7. Imperial Japan WWI o On the side of the Allies o Expanded influence in East Asia The 1920s o Heavy industrial growth o Economic expansion o Political prestige The Great Depression Hits o Economic stagnation feeds ultranationalist demands o Western policies condemned – expansionism favored The Manchurian Incident 1931 o Japanese officers stage Chinese invasion o Occupation of Manchuria – puppet state “Manchukuo”

8. Totalitarian USSR Stalin’s Five-Year Plan c.1928 o Heavy industry o Infrastructure o Farm output o Command economy vs. Capitalist economy Results? o Massive increase in production o Issues with quality – quotas o Inefficiency of central planning Collectivization o Government redistribution o Kulaks – “liquidate the kulaks as a class” o “Terror Famine” c.1932 – 5-8 million Ukrainians starve

9. The Rise of Nazi Germany Fascism at its Finest

10. The Weimar Republic Fails 1920s – economic recovery o Dawes Plan Great Depression o Economic collapse – hyperinflation o Issues with the democracy Fascist appeal o “Brown Shirts” – Adolf Hitler o Attempted coup – Mein Kampf – political activism o 1933 – elected Chancellor o Purges government o The Third Reich

11. Jewish Isolation The Gestapo o Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich The Nuremberg Laws 1935 o Deprived Jews of citizenship and restricted their lifestyles o Germans could not intermarry with Jews Kristallnacht 1938 o Nazi-led mobs destroy Jewish businesses across Germany “Hitler’s Youth” o Aryan race promoted o Eugenics programs

12. American Eugenics Began in the 1920s. Nazi Germany would build its program after this model

13. American Eugenics "I have studied with great interest… the laws of several American states concerning prevention of reproduction by people whose progeny would, in all probability, be of no value or be injurious to the racial stock." – Adolf Hitler "You will be interested to know that your work has played a powerful part in shaping the opinions of the group of intellectuals who are behind Hitler in this epoch-making program. Everywhere I sensed that their opinions have been tremendously stimulated by American thought... I want you, my dear friend, to carry this thought with you for the rest of your life, that you have really jolted into action a great government of 60 million people.“ – C. M. Goethe, head of California’s eugenics program