2. Greek Mythology Gods and Goddesses

3. Zeus ► Roman name: Jupiter or Jove ► Supreme god of the Olympians ► Parents: Cronus and Rhea ► Siblings: Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter, and Hera

4. Zeus ► Dominion over the heavens and sky ► Controlled: the rain, and clouds ► Weapons: thunder and lightning ► Sacred objects: eagle and the oak tree ► Many of the Greek heroes are the sons from various affairs with mortal women

5. Poseidon ► Roman name: Neptune ► God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses ► Controlled all water ► Weapon: the three- pronged trident ► Sacred animals: dolphin and the horse

6. Poseidon ► Father of the hero, Theseus (killed the Minotaur) ► Enemy of the hero, Odysseus (because he blinded Polyphemus, Poseidon’s cyclops son) ► Lost to Athena to be the Patron of the city of Athens

7. Hades ► Roman name: Pluto ► Ruled the underworld, the world of the dead ► Controlled: wealth from mining such as gold, silver, and gems ► Famous for his gloomy personality, but not evil

8. Hades ► Underworld divided into Tartarus, where the evil are punished; and Elysian Fields, where the good are rewarded ► Sacred objects: Helmet of Darkness, Cypress tree ► Abducted Persephone, Demeter’s daughter, who became his wife

9. Hera ► Roman name: Juno ► Goddess of marriage, protectress of married women, Zeus’ wife, and queen of the Olympians ► Sacred objects: peacock, cow, fir tree ► Often portrayed as the jealous wife, taking revenge on the children produce by Zeus’ affairs

10. Demeter ► Roman name: Ceres ► Goddess of crops, the harvest, and anything that grows ► Often depicted with a sheaf of grain and crown with corn ► Sacred objects: snake, pig and torch ► Seasons are the result of the loss of her daughter, Persephone to the underworld

11. Hestia ► Roman name: Vesta ► Virgin goddess of the hearth and home ► She received the first offering in every home ► Sacred objects: the hearth and pig ► Flame of the city hearth was kept going at all times by female virgin attendants (Vestal Virgins)

12. Aphrodite ► Roman name: Venus ► Goddess of love, beauty, and fertility, protectress of sailors ► Born of the sea foam ► Married to Hephaestus ► Sacred objects: dove, swan, sparrow, myrtle tree, and the rose ► Had many affairs ► Famous son: Eros, a.k.a. Love or Cupid

13. Athena ► Roman name: Minerva ► Goddess of wisdom, crafts, battle strategy, and domestic arts; patron goddess of Athens ► Sacred objects: owl, the olive tree, the Aegeus, shield with Medusa’s head ► Born from the head of Zeus

14. Athena ► Athena helped many heroes including Jason, Perseus, Cadmus, Hercules, and Odysseus ► Athena won the city of Athens because she offered the olive tree while Poseidon offered a salt-water spring

15. Ares ► Roman name: Mars ► God of war and warlike frenzy ► Parents: Zeus and Hera ► Often depicted as handsome and cruel, usually carries a bloody spear, and his throne is covered in human skin ► Sacred objects: a golden shield, the dog, the boar, and the vulture ► Mars’ sons are the twins Romulus and Remus, the mythical founders of Rome

16. Hephaestus ► Roman name: Vulcan ► The lame god of fire, crafts, and blacksmiths ► Parents: Zeus and Hera ► The only ugly god, he is believed either to have been born lame and Hera threw him off Mt. Olympus or was injured because of the fall because she discarded him

17. Hephaestus ► Sacred objects: the blacksmith’s hammer, the forge, axe, and fire ► Hephaestus created the first woman, Pandora as retaliation against the Titan, Prometheus stealing fire and giving it to man

18. Hermes ► Roman name: Mercury ► Messenger of the gods and guide of souls to the underworld ► God of speed and communication, business and commerce ► Patron of travelers (usually shown in a sun hat)

19. Hermes ► Reputation for being shrewd and a trickster ► Depicted in winged sandals, wings on his cap, and carrying a winged staff with snakes entwined around it (Caduceus). ► Credited with the creation of the lyre from a turtle shell

20. Dionysus ► Roman name: Bacchus ► God of wine and festivities ► Patron god of the Greek stage ► Sacred objects, the grape vine, wine glass, the tiger

21. Apollo ► Roman name: Apollo (sometimes known as Phoebus or Helios) ► God of prophesy, music, medicine, light, and sometimes the god of the sun ► Sibling: Artemis, his twin sister

22. Apollo ► Weapons: bow and arrow ► Sacred objects: dolphin, the crow, the golden chariot, the laurel wreath, and the lyre

23. Artemis ► Roman name: Diana ► Goddess of the hunt, wilderness, and wild animals, and childbirth (sometimes as Selene, goddess of the moon) ► Weapons: the bow and arrow ► Sacred objects: deer or stag, the she-bear ► She fell in love with Orion, but he was killed in a hunting accident, so she remained a virgin

24. Mythology Every Day