1. Immigration and Battle Cries

2. Europe comes to America In the 1850s, immigrants flooded U.S. cities One major cause was the Irish potato famine Another cause was the opportunity to escape poverty and practice their religion freely

3. Land of the Free? Many immigrants were savagely beat and even killed when they got to America They took the lowest paying and most dangerous jobs Many were despised for being Catholic

4. “Know Nothings” The American Republican party emerged nicknamed the “Know Nothings” They wanted immigration restrictions They wanted foreigners to have to live in the U.S. for 21 years before becoming citizens

5. Bleeding Kansas Missourians who voted illegally in Kansas elections were known as border ruffians Bushwhackers referred to the Missourians who made raids on antislavery settlements Kansans who attacked Missouri settlements were called jayhawkers

6. The Violence Spreads The Confederacy began seizing all forts on their land once they seceded James Buchanan (still president at the time) didn’t try to stop them He did send supplies to Fort Sumter to help them

7. An Act of War Jefferson Davis thought Lincoln keeping troops at Fort Sumter was an act of war The Confederacy decided to attack the fort Finally, Major Anderson had to surrender the fort when they ran out of ammunition