1. The Roman Republic

2. Romulus and Remus

3. Image of Romulus and Remus – courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.
Legend has it that Rome was founded in 753 B.C. by two brothers named Romulus and Remus.
They were nursed and cared for by a she-wolf.
Image of Romulus and Remus – courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.

4. Map of Italy – Image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.
Key Geographic Features
Italy is a peninsular country.
The Alps are the northern border, while the Apennine mountains cut through the center of Italy.
Map of Italy – Image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.

5. Roman Empire

6. Map of Italy – Image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.
Key Geographic Features
3. Strategic location on the Mediterranean Sea and the ability to dominate trade in the region.
4. Rome was located on the 7 Hills and near the Tiber river.
Map of Italy – Image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.

7. Rome wasn't built in a day...
The Greek's Influence
Romans adopted the Greek religion.
The Greek alphabet.
Philosophy, medicine and science.

8. The Latins
The first settlers in this region that lived on the bend in the Tiber river.
Farmers and sheepherders.
They grew and exported grapes, olives and citrus products.
Rome adopted the Latin language.

9. Map of the Etruscan regions. Wikipedia Commons.
The Etruscans
Rome absorbed the Etruscan culture.
Rome adopted the following Etruscan contributions: written language, metal and wood work, building techniques.
The Etruscans also built sewers, paved roads, and drained marshes. All of this was absorbed by the Romans.
Map of the Etruscan regions. Wikipedia Commons.

10. The Republic of Rome
In 509 B.C., the Etruscan King, Tarquin the Proud was forcibly overthrown.
It was said that he had raped a nobleman’s daughter.
The nobles were furious. Declaring that Tarquin was a tyrant, they swore that they would never have another king.
Brutus led the nobility in their revolt against Tarquin. For this, he was considered a hero of the republic.

11. Aristocratic land-owners w/power. Slaves - no freedom or rights
Early Republic
Struggles for power existed between the Patrician and the plebeian classes. Compromises were worked out.
List the four classes of Roman society.
Patricians -
Aristocratic land-owners w/power.
Wealthy equestrians
Plebeians - Free - Common farmers, artisans and merchants.
Slaves - no freedom or rights

12. The Republic Res publica - “public matters” or “matters of state”.
In a republic, citizens vote for leaders that will represent them in legislative bodies.
Power rests with citizens who vote.

13. Chief executive for 1 year. Elected by the Senate.
The Republic
Chief executive for 1 year. Elected by the Senate.
2 Consuls
Senate
Add that a Tribune in the Assembly can VETO a law.
Assembly of Tribes

14. The Senate
300 Patricians were members for life.
Legislative branch, also determined foreign and domestic policy.
Served as a supreme court.

15. The Assembly
The Plebeians elected members to the Assembly.
Assembly representatives elected the Tribunes.
Tribunes had the right to veto Senate bills.

16. Principles, Concepts, and Standards:
Roman Law
Principles, Concepts, and Standards:
12 Tables were basis for Roman law. They were placed in the forum and they applied to all citizens.
Laws should be simple, easy to enforce, and they should apply to all people.
Innocent until proven guilty, trial by jury.
Equal treatment under the law.
A person can only be punished for actions, not thoughts.

17. The Backbone of Rome was her legions.
Roman Legions
The Backbone of Rome was her legions.
Citizens who owned property were required to serve in the army.
Military units called legions.

18. Roman legions were made up of 5,000 heavily armed foot soldiers.
Cavalry - soldiers on horseback were the powerful right arm of the legions.

19. Fought between Rome and Carthage.
1st Punic War B.C.
Fought between Rome and Carthage.
Control over the Med. Sea and the island of Sicily was at stake.
Map of the Punic Wars

20. Map of the Punic Wars – Territorial losses of the 1st Punic War.
Effect of the 1st Punic War
Rome Won.
Carthage lost.
Carthage gave up the islands of Corsica and Sicily.
Map of the Punic Wars – Territorial losses of the 1st Punic War.

21. The Second Punic War - 218 B.C.
Brilliant Carthagenian General, Hannibal.
He led 50,000 men and 38 elephants from Spain, over the Alps, in to Italy.
Map of Hannibal’s invasion – image courtesy of the US Military Academy.

22. The Second Punic War - 218 B.C.
Hannibal’s forces fought for 17 years, winning a series of vicious battles against Roman legions. All the while, advancing on the city of Rome.
Scipio suggested that Rome attack Carthage to draw Hannibal away from Rome.
Bust of Hannibal – Wikipedia Commons.

23. “The Battle of Zama” image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.
The Second Punic War
At the Battle of Zama, Hannibal’s forces were defeated by Publius Scipio.
Scipio was awarded the title “Scipio Africanus” by the senate.
“The Battle of Zama” image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.

24. The Second Punic War
Scipio “Africanus” above, Roman hero of “The Battle of Zama” image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.

25. “Scipio destroys Carthage” image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.
Third Punic War B.C.
During the 50 years following the last war, Carthage had rebuilt and was once again a center for trade.
Greedy Romans pressed the senate to declare war and destroy Carthage once and for all.
“Scipio destroys Carthage” image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.

26. Carthage’s losses to Rome.
Third Punic War B.C.
Carthage’s losses to Rome.

27. Effect of the Punic Wars
With the destruction of Carthage, Rome was the #1 power in the Mediterranean.
Rome entered a new period. One that saw the end of the republic, and the rule of emperors who would expand the Roman empire.
Statue of Augustus – Wikipedia.

28. Contributions of the Romans
The Latin language
Roman law
Republic - form of government.
Preserved the teachings of the Greeks.