1. Biological Organization

2. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

3. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

4. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

5. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

6. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

7. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

8. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms PlantAnimal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

9. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

10. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif “Typical” Plant Cell

11. Cell Parts Organelles

12. Surrounding the Cell

13. Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

14. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

15. Inside the Cell

16. Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA

17. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

18. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

19. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

20. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material

21. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ER & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

22. Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves proteins around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

23. Golgi Bodies “Protein Transporter” Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

24. Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates ***Cellular Respiration http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

25. Lysosome Cleans the cell of waste Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

26. Vacuoles Used for storage of water and nutrients. Help plants maintain shape Especially large in plant cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

27. Chloroplast Only in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place Most are found in leaves http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

28. Organelle Tutorial http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= LP7xAr2FDFU

29. Interactive Cell http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/a natomy/cell/index.htmhttp://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/a natomy/cell/index.htm

30. How do particles move throughout a cell? DiffusionOsmosis

31. Diffusion The movement of molecules from a area in which they are highly concentrated to a area in which they are less concentrated. Ex. Ions, glucose, amino acids movie in and out of the cell

32. Diffusion Animation http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/ chapter2/animation__how_diffusion_works.html

33. Osmosis Movement of liquid (usually H20) through a membrane. The fluid will move from an area of low solute concentration to an area with a higher solute concentration until there is an equal concentration of fluid on both sides of the membrane.

34. Osmosis Animation http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/ chapter2/animation__how_osmosis_works.html

35. Tonicity Tonicity is a measure of the pressure of both solutions separated by a membrane. Often used to describe cells in different solutions

36. Hypertonic Solution IF the concentration of solute in the liquid is greater than the concentration of solute in the cells. The cell is in an hypertonic solution. (hyper = more than normal) What will happen to the cell?? Water will move out of The cell

37. Hypotonic If the concentration of solute in the liquid is less than the concentration of solute in the cells. The cell is in an hypotonic solution. (hypo = less than normal) What will happen to the cell? Water will move into of the cell

38. Isotonic If the concentration of solute in the liquid is equal to the concentration of solute in the cells. The cell is in an isotonic solution. (iso = same as normal) What will happen to the cell? Water moves in both directions

39. Tonicity animation http://www.biologyjunction.com/tonicity%2 0animations.htm