1. Maaramatanga Lavinia Nathan No Irish, Nga Puhi raua ko Ngati- Whatua

2. Mena e tuumanako ana koe ki te moohio. I te hoa o te tangata. Whaia te maaramatanga o toona ao. If you wish to understand the person, Know the world in which they live.

3. Does being Maori make Rangatahi likely to offend? NO Maori is not in and of itself a causal factor linked directly to offending.

4.  By product of colonisation  Loss of cultural identity  Effects of assimilations  Lost opportunities to express pride about their identity and tribal connections

5. Maori Youth offenders therefore is very much a symptom of contemporary New Zealand society and a product of a modern capitalist economy

6.  Thwarted by systematic failures and weakened kinship bonds, rangatahi Maori have looked to the phenomena like gangs as default icons of cultural pride and safety

7.  Limited studies suggest very clearly that being Maori is not a causal link to offending  Rather it is the social and historical issues associated to Maori and other indigenous people who have been colonised

8. Haami Piripi, Peremia Porter – Te Whakakotahitanga 2003 “In a genetic sense offending by Maori has been contextualised into a non- Maori paradigm. This has meant that Maori behaviours are continually defined outside of their cultural context and subsequent treatments are often inappropriate and lacking cultural sensitivity”

9. Releasing the Value of Culture The value of culture in addressing offending behaviours is predicated upon the usefulness of a Maori World view to the daily existence of the individual within

10. Maori are not all the same - Myth “One size does not fit all” (Maaramatanga paper prepared for Ministry of Justice – 2008) Dave Kaire, Lavinia Nathan and Kaye Mclaren

11. “Understanding of one’s self comes from within the cultural construct of one’s perception of how they fit within the cosmos of self identity” Mason Durie, 1998

12. Cultural Assessment  Degree of acculturations/deculturation  Knowledge of Whakapapa, Marae Value  Knowledge of Te Reo, Cultural Skills …. so on and so on ….

13. Benefits of Cultural Assessment  Flexibility in program content – Cultural process’ etc  Accept one size does NOT fit all  Increased motivation  Better programme engagement by Rangatahi Maori and Whanau

14. IN SUMMARY – KEY POINTS  Being Maori is NOT likely to make Rangatahi offend  Being Maori is not a causal link to offending  By Product of colonisation etc LOOKING TO THE FUTURE  One size does not fit all  Cultural Assessment  Programme design  Programme Engagement

15. No reira Tena koutou Tena koutou katoa