1. Rocks and Minerals

2. How do you tell one person from another?

3. How do you identify rocks and minerals? Simple – just read their name tags. If only it were that simple.

4. How do you think you can tell one rock from another? Let’s look at some and see if you can come up with some ideas.

5. Properties of Rocks and Minerals

6. What is a Property? How would you describe an object? What kinds of words are used to describe an object? When you describe an object, what are some characteristics, or properties, of that object that you might name?

7. The Game Choose an object in the classroom. Describe some of its properties without telling the class what the object is. Call on different people to guess what the object is.

8. Developing Sorting Rules In groups of 4 sort (classify) the rocks using some rule. Write your sorting rule down. Re-sort your rocks using a different rule. Write this rule down.

9. The Rules of Sorting

10. In what ways does one rock or mineral differ from another? Attribute________Scientific word______ ColorStreak ShapeCleavage WeightDensity Shiny or dullLuster SmellOdor HardnessHardness TasteTaste

11. Just what is a mineral? It’s nonliving solid matter from the earth. It is made of the same material throughout. Find some samples that look like they might be minerals

12. Can you name some minerals? Talc Gold Diamonds Silver Salt Manganese

13. If those are minerals, what are rocks? Let’s step into the kitchen for a minute. What ingredients does your Mom use to make a cake? +

14. So, what is a rock? A rock is also nonliving solid matter from the earth. It is different from a mineral because it in made up of different types of components

15. Mother Nature uses ingredients to make rocks just like your Mom uses ingredients when she makes a cake, only nature uses different ingredients. ingredients Nature uses different minerals in different combinations to make different kinds of rocks. She “cooks” them in three different ways.

16. What are the different ways that rocks can be formed? Rocks can be formed by: –Heat –Pressure –Heat and pressure used in combination.

17. Igneous rocks - formed by heat These rocks are formed by magma deep inside volcanoes. The magma moves up through cracks in the earth’s crust. As it rises it cools and hardens forming rocks. www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/ign eous.htmwww.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/ign eous.htm

18. Igneous Rocks Heat Magma rises in volcanoes Cools Hardens Rocks!

19. Sedimentary rocks - formed by pressure These rocks are formed at the bottom of lakes and oceans. Sediments, made up of small pieces of rocks, sand, shells, leaves and other materials, sink to the bottom of the water. Over a long period of time layers of sediments build up and press down on the bottom layers. These bottom layers are pressed into rocks. http://sln.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/sedi ment.htm http://sln.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/sedi ment.htm

20. Sedimentary Rocks Pressure Lakes and oceans Sediments drift down More layers settle on top Over time pressure builds up Rocks!

21. Metamorphic rocks - formed by both heat and pressure together One kind of rock can change into another kind. Since pressure causes heat, over many years the heat and pressure can change igneous or sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock.

22. Metamorphic Rocks Heat and Pressure Igneous and / or Sedimentary rocks Under earth’s crust Pressure > Heat Form a new rock!

23. If all these rocks keep getting made, how come the Earth isn’t getting bigger and bigger? Rocks not only get made, they get broken down, too! No way! How can something as hard as a rock get broken down?

24. Rocks can get broken down in a variety of ways. It might surprise you to know that some seemingly very soft things can break rocks down. Any guesses?

25. The breaking down of rocks is called “weathering”. Water, ice, and wind are the three main villains in this process. You might be wondering how they cause such a feat. See the next frame for details.

26. Here’s the scoop Rain Rain falls and flows over and through the ground. As it does this, it becomes a weak acid. This acid dissolves certain minerals in the rocks, leaving holes in the earth’s structure.

27. Ice Water seeps into tiny cracks in surfaces of rocks. The weather gets cold, and the water freezes. What happens to water when it freezes? The ice expands and pushes against the rocks. Over time this process repeats and eventually breaks the rocks apart.

28. Wind When the wind blows it picks up tiny pieces of sand. This sand hits bigger rocks and acts like sand paper, scraping away the surface of these rocks. Over a long period of time these larger rocks can get worn away.

29. What do the wheels on your bicycle do when you ride it? Nature has cycles in it which go around and around just like the wheels on your bicycle. Can you think of any cycles in nature?

30. The Rock Cycle

31. Water Cycle