1. Promoting and Preserving Your Psychological Health

2. What Is Psychological Health?
Psychological health includes mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of health.
MENTAL- Thinking
EMOTIONAL- Feeling
SPIRITUAL- Being
SOCIAL- Relating
It is easier to define what psychological health is not, rather than what it is. Ask students to come up with their definitions for both psychological health and ill-health.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

3. Psychologically Healthy People
Feel good about themselves
Feel comfortable with other people and express respect and feel compassion toward others
Control tension and anxiety
Meet the demands of life
Curb hate and guilt
Maintain a positive outlook
Value diversity
Appreciate and respect nature
To achieve these characteristics, the basic needs in our lives must be met.
Maslow's basic needs slide soon, but now is a good time to ask students to rank the basic needs they have and then to compare the two lists.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

5. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
These four components are inter-related and dynamic. As with the dimensions of physical wellness, if one of the dimensions of psychological health is out of balance and it can affect the others.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

6. Mental Health
A mentally healthy person perceives life in realistic ways, can adapt to change, can develop rational strategies to solve problems, and can carry out personal and professional responsibilities.
Psychological health is the sum of how we think, feel, relate, and exist in our day-to-day lives. Our thoughts, perceptions, emotions, motivations, interpersonal relationships, and behaviors are a product of our experiences and the skills we have developed along the way to meet life's challenges and positive steps you can take to enhance psychological well-being. ✱,
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

7. Emotional health affects social and intellectual health.
Emotionally healthy people usually respond appropriately to upsetting events.
Emotional health affects social and intellectual health.
Emotional turmoil may seriously affect your ability to think, reason, and act rationally.
Ask students to describe in appropriate responses to upsetting events and write them on the board. Problem solve to turn these inappropriate ways into more appropriate responses.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

8. They can listen, express themselves, and form healthy attachments.
Social Health
Socially healthy individuals enjoy a wide range of interactions with family, friends and acquaintances and are able to have healthy interactions with an intimate partner.
They can listen, express themselves, and form healthy attachments.
They act in socially acceptable and responsible ways and find the best fit for themselves in society.
Since the focus of this text is on self-assessment and positive change, ask students to evaluate their family and then friend relationships. How do they manage conflict? Could their ability to listen and talk be improved?
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

9. It goes beyond material values and is practiced in many ways.
Spiritual Health
Spirituality is broader in meaning than religion and is defined as an individual's sense of peace, purpose, and connection to others, and the beliefs about the meaning in life.
It goes beyond material values and is practiced in many ways.
Spiritual health refers to the sense of belonging to something greater than physical or personal dimensions of existence.
According to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), spirituality is broader in meaning than religion and is defined as an individual's sense of purpose and meaning in life; it goes beyond material values.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

10. Factors That Influence Psychological Health
The family
Social supports
Community
Self-efficacy and self-esteem
Personality
Life span and maturity
If any of these components is negatively affecting psychological health, create lists for how this can be overcome or managed.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

11. Strategies to Enhance Psychological Health
Find a support group.
Complete required tasks.
Form realistic expectations.
Make time for you.
Maintain physical health.
Examine problems and seek needed help.
Get adequate sleep.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

12. When Psychological Health Deteriorates
Stress, abusive relationships, anxiety, loneliness, financial upheavals, and other trauma can derail coping resources.
Mental illnesses are disorders that disrupt thinking, feeling, moods, and behaviors and cause varying degrees of impaired functioning in daily living.
Everyone suffers from bouts of mild depression at some time or another. The key to moving forward is the ability to recognize that this is temporary, this will pass and the individual has control.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

13. Mental Health Threats to College Students
Mental health problems are common among college students and appear to be increasing.
Most common disorders among students are mood disorders, personality disorders, and schizophrenia.
Attention-deficit disorder is another growing mental health concern for students.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

14. Mental Health Concerns of American College Students, Past 12 Months
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

15. Mood Disorders
Chronic mood disorders are disorders that affect how you feel, such as persistent sadness or feelings of euphoria.
Mood disorders include major depression, dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

16. Major Depression
Major or clinical depression is severe depression that entails chronic mood disorder, physical effects such as sleep disturbance and exhaustion, and mental effects such as the inability to concentrate.
Discuss differences in depression based on gender. Note that women are more likely to seek help than men and consider how men might be encouraged to change that.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

17. Symptoms of Major Depression
Sadness and despair
Loss of motivation and interest
Preoccupation with failures
Difficulty concentrating
Loss of sex drive
Sleeping too much or too little; insomnia
Feeling agitated
Withdrawal from friends and family
Diminished or increased appetite
Significant weight loss or weight gain
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

18. Types of Depression
Dysthymic disorder is a less severe type of depression that is milder, chronic, harder to recognize, and often characterized by fatigue, pessimism, or a short temper.
Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating mania and depression; also called manic depression.
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs in the winter months, when sunlight levels are low.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

19. Depression in College Students
Depression can be a major obstacle to academic success.
Students who have weak communication skills, who find that college isn't what they expected, or who find that people they've known seem different often have difficulties.
Of college students, 8.3% report having been diagnosed with depression.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

20. What Causes Mood Disorders?
An interaction between multiple factors including biological differences, hormones, inherited traits, life events, and early childhood trauma
Several types of depression, including bipolar disorder, appear to have a genetic component.
Depression can be triggered by serious loss, and severe life events.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

21. Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders are mental illnesses characterized by persistent feelings of threat and worry in coping with everyday problems.
Anxiety disorders are the number one mental health problem in the United States, affecting more than 18% of all adults.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

22. Types of Anxiety Disorders
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) sufferers are consummate worriers who develop a debilitating level of anxiety.
Panic disorders are characterized by panic attacks, an acute anxiety reaction that brings on an intense physical reaction.
Phobic disorders involve persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation.
In any given year, approximately 10 percent of Americans age 18 and older—or 20.9 million people—suffer from a mood disorder.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a constant sense of worry which may cause restlessness, difficulty in concentrating, tension, and other symptoms.
Panic disorders are severe anxiety reactions in which a particular situation, often for unknown reasons, causes terror.
Phobia is a deep and persistent fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that results in a compelling desire to avoid the source of the fear.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

23. Types of Anxiety Disorders (cont.)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) results in individuals who feel compelled to perform rituals over and over again.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event, such as a natural disaster, serious accident, or combat.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a form of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a collection of symptoms that occur as a delayed response to a serious trauma.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

24. What Causes Anxiety Disorders?
Biology – some scientists trace the origin of anxiety to the brain and its functioning.
Environment – anxiety can be a learned response.
Social and cultural roles may also be a factor in the risks for anxiety.
Biology: Using sophisticated positronemission tomography (PET) scans, scientists can analyze areas of the brain that react during anxiety-producing events.
Environment: Although genetic tendencies may exist, experiencing a repeated pattern of reaction to certain situations programs the brain to respond in a certain ways.
Social and Cultural Roles: Because men and
women are taught to assume different roles in society
(such as man as protector, woman as victim), women
may find it more acceptable to scream, shake, pass out, and otherwise express extreme anxiety. Men, in contrast,
may have learned to repress such anxieties rather than act on them.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

25. Personality Disorders
Characterized by inflexible patterns of thought and beliefs that lead to socially distressing behavior
Three types
Paranoid personality disorder involves pervasive, unfounded suspicion and mistrust of other people.
Narcissistic personality disorder is an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorption.
Borderline personality disorder is characterized by impulsiveness and risky behavior such as gambling sprees, unsafe sex, drug use, and daredevil driving.
Symptoms usually appear in men in their late teens or twenties and in women in their late twenties or early thirties. At this time also cover borderline personality disorder.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 25

26. Affects about 1% of the U.S. population.
Schizophrenia
Affects about 1% of the U.S. population.
Characterized by alterations of the senses
Inability to sort incoming stimuli and make appropriate responses
An altered sense of self
Radical changes in emotions, movements, and behaviors
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

27. Suicide: Giving Up on Life
More than 34,000 suicides are reported each year.
College students are more likely to attempt suicide.
Suicide is a difficult topic and the research on it is confusing. In some instances it has been suggested that lecturing on suicide might foster a suicidal individual to action. Certainly, suicides of major popular figures has resulted in a cult following of suicides. The next slides are going to jump forward in the text so that this issue can be handled completely now that it has been introduced.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

28. Warning Signs of Suicide
Recent loss and seeming inability to let go of grief
A history of depression
Change in personality, such as sadness, withdrawal, irritability, anxiety
Change in behavior, such as inability to concentrate, loss of interest
Sexual dysfunction
As you go through the warning signs, keep reminding students of help options. If you have a campus health center, it might be a good idea to bring in a counselor and have them explain psych services that are available.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

29. Warning Signs of Suicide (cont.)
Expressions of self-hatred
Change in sleep patterns and/or eating habits
A direct statement about committing suicide
An indirect statement such as ''You won't have to worry about me any more''
Final preparations
Preoccupations with death themes
Marked change in personal appearance
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

30. Preventing Suicide Monitor warning signals. Take threats seriously.
Let the person know how much you care about him or her.
Listen.
Ask directly, ''are you thinking of hurting or killing yourself?''
Do not belittle the person's feelings.
Help the person think about alternatives to suicide.
Tell your friend's spouse, partner, parents, siblings, or counselor.
Ask students to compare the lists they created with this list. Can students think of other things they might consider doing to help someone who may be contemplating suicide?
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

31. Seeking Professional Help for Psychological Problems
Seek help if
You feel that you need help
You begin to withdraw from others
You have hallucinations
You feel inadequate or worthless or that life is not worth living
Your daily life seems to be nothing but a series of repeated crises
You are considering suicide
You turn to drugs or alcohol to escape your problems
You feel out of control
You may find some books helpful, but be cautious when turning to self-help books.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

32. Getting Evaluated for Treatment
If you are considering treatment for psychological problems, have a credentialed health professional conduct a thorough examination first consisting of
A physical check-up
A psychiatric history
A mental status examination
Once physical factors are ruled out, you may decide to consult a psychological health professional.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

33. What to Expect in Therapy
Before meeting, briefly explain your needs. Ask about fees.
The first visit is an oral and mental sizing up between you and the therapist.
The therapist will want to take down your history and details about the problems that have brought you to therapy.
Be open and honest.
Do not expect the therapist to tell you what to do or how to behave.
The responsibility for improved behavior lies with you.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

34. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.