3. Agrarian Revolution Event that sparked the Industrial Revolution New technologies and farming methods –Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill –Enclosure Movement Created a food surplus –Resulted in increased population and life expectancy –Increased the pool of available labor

4. Start of the Industrial Revolution Started in England because it had: –Natural Resources (coal and iron) and favorable geography-----Land –Money to invest in businesses-----Capital –Labor force (farmers forced off their lands---- Labor

5. Factory System Produced work in the factories instead of at home Use of machines to produce goods rather than by hand Produced goods faster and cheaper

6. Urbanization Urbanization refers to the movement of people into cities Problems of urbanization –Poor working class lived in crowded tenements –Lack of sanitation and sewage systems in early years of industrialization –Spread of disease –Crime Railroads moved goods at a faster rate The construction of railroads encouraged urbanization and growth of the factory system

7. Industrial Problems and Reform Before Reforms Factories unsafe Use of child labor Workers work long hours for low wages After Reforms Workers get fair wages limited child labor allowed for formation of unions

8. Laissez Faire Karl Marx Command Economy Adam Smith Government ownership Private Ownership Free Market Laws of Supply and Demand Competition Laissez Faire Proletariat Revolution Capitalism exploits the poor

9. Capitalism Socialism Individuals and businesses own property and the means of production Progress results when individuals follow their own self interest Businesses compete for consumers money by producing goods that are better and less expensive than competitors Consumers compete to buy the best goods at lowest prices. Shapes the market by affecting what businesses sell Government should not interfere in the economy because competition creates strong businesses (Free Markets) The community or state should own property and the means of production Progress when a community cooperates for the good of all Believe that capitalist employers take advantage of workers and the government must protect workers unequal distribution of wealth and goods in the capitalist system System should distribute goods according to each person’s need Government regulation of economy to ensure equal distribution of wealth and material goods (Command Economy)

10. New inventions and development of factory system Rapid urbanization Goods produced faster and cheaper Increased demand for raw materials Growth of global trade Advances in transportation and communication Rise of Capitalism New inventions and development of factory system Rapid urbanization Goods produced faster and cheaper Increased demand for raw materials Growth of global trade Advances in transportation and communication Rise of Capitalism Increased population of cities Loss of family stability Increased jobs available for women Harsh conditions for workers & child labor New jobs Expansion of the middle class Improved standard of living Advances in medicine and science Increased population of cities Loss of family stability Increased jobs available for women Harsh conditions for workers & child labor New jobs Expansion of the middle class Improved standard of living Advances in medicine and science Child labor laws to end abuses Trade unions formed Reform movements Socialism Utopian Socialism Marxism/ communism Laws to reform abuses and problems Child labor laws to end abuses Trade unions formed Reform movements Socialism Utopian Socialism Marxism/ communism Laws to reform abuses and problems The Industrial Revolution Economic Effects Social Effects Political Effects

11. 1. Which conclusion is supported by the information on the map? a)England’s natural resources led to the growth of industrial cities b)In 1830, England had an unfavorable balance of trade c)Great Britain’s prosperity unified people d)People emigrated from Great Britain because of pollution

12. 2. Laissez-faire economists of the 19 th century argued that: a)Governments should regulate the economy and foreign trade b)Individuals should be allowed to pursue their self interest in a free market c)Governments should develop a state run banking system to prevent instability d)Anarchy would result if universal male suffrage was granted

13. 3. Which two speakers represent Karl Marx’s ideas of Communism a)Speaker A and B b)Speaker B and C c)Speaker B and D d)Speaker C and D

14. 4. Which speaker is referring to laissez-faire Capitalism a)Speaker A b)Speaker B c)Speaker C d)Speaker D

15. 5. The passage expresses the ideas of: a)Napoleon Bonaparte b)Karl Marx c)Adam Smith d)Thomas Malthus

16. 6. Which two developments contributed most to the situation described in the passage a)Technological developments and nationalism b)Militarism and nationalism c)Imperialism and the Enlightenment d)Urbanization and the factory system

17. The Enlightenment Scientific Revolution Observation experimentation Traditional Reason Society Reforms enlightened despots democratic nationalistic revolutions

18. The Enlightenment Key People John Locke Montesquieu Voltaire Rousseau Catherine the Great Key Terms Reason Natural Law Enlightened Despot

19. The French Revolution Enlightenment ideas Inequalities Third Estate American Radical Reign of Terror executed Robespierre Napoleon Revolutionary ideas Nationalism

20. The French Revolution Key People King Louis XVI Third Estate Maximilien Robespierre Radical Jacobins Napoleon Bonaparte Key Terms Estates General Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Radical Napoleonic Wars

21. The Congress of Vienna Balance of power Borders Monarchs

22. The Congress of Vienna Key People Prince Metternich Key Terms Balance of Power Conservative Liberal

23. Latin American Revolutions Enlightenment Europe United States Creoles American Revolution The French Revolution Nationalist Independence Liberation Spain

24. Latin American Revolutions Key People Toussaint L’Ouverture Simon Bolivar Jose de San Martin Key Terms Encomienda System Creoles

25. Nationalism French Revolution Napoleon Foreign control Nationalism Italy Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Balkans WWI