1. AURORAE ON JOVIAN PLANETS

2. An introduction to the aurora phenomenon: What is it? How does it happen? Mechanism. Where and when does it happen? Keys to undestand auroras: -Solar wind -Magnetosphere -Interaction of trapped particles with atoms forming the atmosphere

3. Mechanism: Emission:

4. Extension to other planets: Any planet?? Conditions: 1.Solar Wind 2.Magnetosphere 3.Atmosphere

5. Jupiter: Size Intensity Interaction with Io (source of plasma for the magnetosphere of Jupiter) Exceptional magnetosphere : Bright and permanent aurorae around both poles

6. HST HST + Chandra Aurora on Io, Galileo,1998

7. Saturn: Aurora in saturn. HST.90’s Conventional magnetosphere Exposed to solar wind. Has an atmosphere Cassini, 2008

8. Uranus: Magnetosphere: -Medium sized -Twisting Structure -Almost “empty” Difficult deteccion! (weak aurorae) Curiosity: Uranus is a tilted planet and so is its magnetosphere Result is a distorted auroral oval which might be near the equator

9. Neptune: Dense atmosphereMagnetic field (tilted)Is exposed to solar wind BUT… Weak auroras, and only visible at X-Ray and UV wavelenghs Reason: Neptune´s magnetosphere is almost empty. Only Spectrometry

10. Observations On the outer planets, auroral emissions have been observed in: X-Rays EUV-UV ( H 2 Lyman and Werner bands and also H Ly α) Visible n IR (H 3 + emissions, also H 2 ) f IR (hydrocarbon emissions) Radio Saturn and Uranus auroras: UV IR From earth Radio Neptune: information only avaible in UV and radio Wavelenghs regions from the Voyager II encounter.

11. Ref.

12. 1st artificial aurora was created on 5 March1969, shotting a rocket with a beam of electrons against the magnetosphere Inducing artificial auroras High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program 1972, other lattitudes.Hawaii, beam of e- came back to earth on the expected spot in the South pole, creating an aurora