1. Fig. 7-1 Chapter 7: DNA structure and replication

2. FROM GENE TO PROTEIN Replication: DNA-dependent DNA synthesis; DNA polymerase and associated proteins; DNA template, dNTPs Transcription: DNA-dependent RNA synthesis; RNA polymerase and associated proteins; DNA template, NTPs Translation: RNA-dependent polypeptide synthesis; ribosome and associated molecules; mRNA, ribosomes, aminoacyl-tRNA

3. Fig. 7-2 Griffith (1928): Streptococcal transformation

4. Fig. 7-3 Avery, MacLeod & McCarty (1944): Griffith’s “transforming principle” is DNA

5. Fig. 7-5

6. Background information available to Watson & Crick in construction of their double-helical DNA model 1.E. Chargaff’s “rule” (A=T, G=C)

8. Background information available to Watson & Crick in construction of their double-helical DNA model 1.E. Chargaff’s “rule” (A=T, G=C) 2.Wilkins & Franklin’s x-ray diffraction data (suggested strongly helical, probably double-helical structure)

9. Fig. 7-8 Major groove Minor groove

10. Fig. 7-8

11. DNA double helix is stabilized by: 1.Hydrophobic interactions among bases 2. Hydrophilic interactions of PO 4 with aqueous environment 3. Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases (A-T pair, two H bonds; G-C pair, three H bonds)

12. Fig. 7-12 Potential modes of DNA replication

13. Fig. 7-13

14. Fig. 7-15 5’-3’ synthesis of DNA proceeds by 3’ extension and complementary base pairing

15. Fig. 7-16 Replication fork dynamics creates polarity problems in lagging strand synthesis

16. Fig. 7-17

17. Fig. 7-18 Replication fork dynamics depends upon cooperative activities of a variety of proteins

18. Fig. 7-22 Chromosome replication is carried out by expansion of “bubbles”

19. Fig. 7-24 DNA synthesis creates problems at chromosome ends Ever-shortening 5’ ends

20. Fig. 7-25 Telomerase is special DNA polymerase that maintains chromosome ends Telomeres consist of high-copy number, simple sequence repeats

21. Fig. 7-

22. Human haploid genome  1 m of DNA (about 2 m DNA per somatic cell * ) (about 4.3 cm DNA per chromosome) * ~10 13 somatic cells per average human ~ 2 x 10 13 m of DNA per average human (nearly 100 round trips to the sun!!)

23. Human haploid genome  1 m of DNA (about 2 m DNA per somatic cell * ) (about 4.3 cm DNA per chromosome) * ~10 13 somatic cells per average human ~ 2 x 10 13 m of DNA per average human (nearly 100 round trips to the sun!!) Average human nucleus ~ 6 μm diameter Eukaryotic DNA is densely packaged