1. Directional Flows of Communication through the Organization Chart Figure6..1

2. Span of Management through the Organization Chart Figure 6.2 Narrow Span Wide Span

3. Tall versus Flat Organization Charts Figure 6.3 Narrow Span Wide Span

4. The Bubble Management Model An Example for a Hotel Front Office Department Front Office Manager & Staff Boss Bubble G.M. or Division Director Sales & Marketing Department (may include Reservations) Catering, Convention Services, Culinary, Restaurants, Room Service Accounting, Purchasing, Human Resources, Night Audit Engineering Department Housekeeping Department Figure 6.4

5. Raw Materials Requisitions Sanitation Pre- Prep Supplies Pre- Prep Garde Manger Prep Line Prep Pastry/Dessert Prep Post-Prep Culinary Work Unit Production Systems Figure 6.5

6. Restaurant Production Systems Distribution Maintenance Repairs BOH Pre- Prep and Prep FOH Pre- Prep and Prep Greeting Seating System Order Taking System Order Placement System Product Production System Product Delivery System Clear and Prep New Courses Product Delivery System Tendering System Guest Departure Service Transaction System Figure 6.6 Post-Prep

7. Distribution Maintenance Repairs Financial Resources Human Resources Material Resources Profits Figure 6.7

8. Functional Inputs, Systems and Outputs Figure 6.8 Materials Procurement Technology Finance Human Resources Operations Marketing Service Transaction Distribution Products RepairsMaintenance