1. Pharos University ME 259 Fluid Mechanics for Electrical Students Revision for Final Exam Dr. A. Shibl

2. Static Force Example A rectangular gate of dimension 1 m by 4 m is held in place by a stop block at B. This block exerts a horizontal force of 40 kN and a vertical force of 0 kN. The gate is pin-connected at A, and the weight of the gate is 2 kN. Find the depth h of the water.

4. Continuity Example Water flows steadily through a nozzle. The nozzle diameter at the inlet is 5 cm, and the diameter at the exit is 3cm. The average velocity at the inlet is 4 m/s. What is the average velocity at the exit? V 1 A 1 = V 2 A 2

5. Bernoulli Equation

6. Momentum Equation For Steady Flow ΣF x = ṁ (V2—V1) x

7. A water jet with a velocity of 30 m/s impacts on a splitter plate so that 1/4 of the water is deflected toward the bottom and 3/4 toward the top. The angle of the plate is 45 o. Find the force required to hold the plate stationary. Neglect the weight of the plate and water, and neglect friction.

8. Energy Equation

9. 9 Energy Losses h L = head losses due to friction Fittings (valves, elbows, etc) Pipe friction

10. EGL & HGL for Losses in a Pipe

11. Laminar Marks Reynolds Number independence critical Transition Moody diagram 11

12. Buckingham Pi Theorem List all the parameters involved List the dimensions of all parameters Select a set of primary dimensions For example M (kg), L (m), t (sec).

13. Flow Similarity and Model Studies Example: Drag on a car For dynamic similarity … … then …