1. Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Introduction to microcontrollers A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing: ● Processor core (CPU) ● Memory ● Programmable input/output peripherals. ● Program memory ● More... Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications.

2. Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Applications ● Car industry ● Telephones ● Appliances ● Cameras ● Displays ● Gadgets ● Remote controls ● Washing machine ● STUDENT PROJECTS!!!

3. Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Typical Input and output ● Inputs: ● Switches ● Sensors( light,sound,temperature,humidity ) ● Analogue to digital conversion (ADC) ● LEDs ● Outputs ● LCD (displays) ● DAC (audio signals) ● Control / Power Electronics

4. Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering PIC microcontroller Made by Microchip Technology P eripheral I nterface C ontroller We will be using the PIC16F84A. ● Simple ( 35 instructions RISC ) ● Cheap ( ~ £3 ) ● Robust (I haven't broken one yet!!!)

5. Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Background reading The Quintessential PIC (quite advanced) Many simpler online articles on PIC programing. Tutorials/links via moodle.

6. Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Example: Voltmeter Demo ADC PIC Voltage(analogue) Serial digital 12bits (SPI) 3.142 Volts LCD display Parallel interface

7. Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering PIC 16F84A pin layout

8. Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Summary of pins OSC1/CLKIN: Oscillator crystal input. OSC2/CLKOUT: Oscillator crystal output. MCLR(inv): Master clear(reset)input. Programming voltage input. RA0 - RA3: Bi-directional I/O port. RA4/T0CKI: Bi-directional I/O port. Clock input to the TMR0 timer. RB0/INT : Bi-directional I/O port. External interrupt pin. RB1 - RB7: Bi-directional I/O port. VSS: Ground VDD: Positive supply(+2.0V to +5.5V)

9. Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering PIC development.

10. Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering CLOCK Program/run Reset

11. Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering

13. LAB INTRO DEMO Simple example program to light up LED maybe a switch?