1. G ENETICS AND H EREDITY

2. H EREDITY Passing characteristics from parent to offspring

3. CHARACTERISTICS physical traits

6. I NHERITED CHARACTERISTICS Passed from parent to offspring Hair color Eye color Seed type Flower color

9. A CQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS Acquired through experience or decisions. Not passed to offspring Scars Tattoos Broken limbs

11. G ENETIC MATERIAL Held in DNA

12. G ENES Is DNA that codes for something Basic unit of heredity Found on chromosomes

13. G ENE EXPRESSION When a gene makes something

14. G ENETIC VARIATION Differences in genes

15. ALLELES Alternate forms of a gene

16. D OMINANT ALLELES Are always expressed, if present

17. R ECESSIVE ALLELES Are only expressed if there is no dominant allele

18. H ETEROZYGOUS ALLELES Two different alleles

20. H OMOZYGOUS ALLELES Two alleles are the same

21. PHENOTYPE How the alleles make the organisms look

22. GENOTYPE The alleles an organism has

23. P UNNETT SQUARE Used to predict offspring characteristics

24. M ONOHYBRID CROSS Punnett square with only one trait

25. M UTATIONS A change in the sequence of an organism's genetic material

31. POINT MUTATION a mutation in a single base pair in a strand of DNA. cystic fibrosis colorblindness hemophilia sickle cell anemia

33. S ELECTIVE B REEDING when humans breed organisms with specific qualities that will result in a specific type of offspring.