11.  The benefits of interior lines could be gained either by central position or superior lateral communications

14.  Used a Trinitarian analysis consisting of (1) primordial violence, hatred, and enmity; (2) the play of chance and probability; and (3) war’s element of subordination to rational policy  Often loosely expressed as “the people, the military, and the government”

16.  1. Leader of the Chinese Communist Party  2. Founded the People’s Republic of China following the Chinese Civil War (1927-1950)  3. “Father of modern guerrilla warfare”  4. On Protracted War (1938), The Art of War (1936), On Guerrilla Warfare (1937)

19.  1. “Master of Mobile Warfare”  a. Graduate of VMI and West Point  b. 1916 – Punitive Expedition vs. Poncho Villa  c. 1917- Founded the 1 st U.S. Tank Training School  d. Commander of the Third Army in WWII

23.  1. When undertaking any mission, commanders should have a clear understanding of the expected outcome and its impact. Commanders need to appreciate political ends and understand how the military conditions they achieve contribute to them.  a. Ensure that all actions contribute to the goals of the higher headquarters.

24.  1. Offensive operations are essential to maintain the freedom of action necessary for success, exploit vulnerabilities, and react to rapidly changing situations and unexpected developments.  a. Offensive actions are those taken to dictate the nature, scope, and tempo of an operation.  b. Offensive action is key to achieving decisive results; it is the essence of successful operations.

25.  1. Commanders mass the effects of combat power in time and space to overwhelm enemies or gain control of the situation.  a. Time: applies the elements of combat power against multiple targets simultaneously  b. Space : concentrates the effects of different elements of combat power against a single target

26.  1. Commanders never leave any element without a purpose. When the time comes to execute, all elements should have tasks to perform.  a. Economy of force requires accepting prudent risk in selected areas to achieve superiority in the decisive operation.  b. Economy of force involves the discriminating employment and distribution of forces.

27.  1. As both an element of combat power and a principle of war, maneuver concentrates and disperses combat power to place and keep the enemy at a disadvantage. It includes the dynamic, flexible application of leadership, firepower, information, and protection as well.  a. Achieves results that would otherwise be more costly  b. Keeps enemies off balance by making them confront new problems and new dangers faster than they can deal with them.

28.  1. Unity of command means that a single commander directs and coordinates the actions of all forces toward a common objective.  a. Develops the full combat power of a force  b. Usually requires giving a single commander authority

29.  1. Calculated risk is inherent in conflict. Security protects and preserves combat power.  a. Does not involve excessive caution  b. Measures taken by a command to protect itself from surprise, interference, sabotage, annoyance, and threat

30.  1. Surprise results from taking actions for which an enemy or adversary is unprepared.  a. It is only necessary that the enemy become aware too late to react effectively.  b. Contributions to surprise include speed, information superiority, and asymmetry.

31.  1. Plans and orders should be simple and direct. Simple plans executed on time are better than detailed plans executed late.  a. Clear and concise plans cut down on misunderstandings