2. THE CELL CELLs : are the structural and functional units of all living organism. THE CELL: is surrounded by alimiting barrier the plasma membrane, which covers the cell surface. The cell interior is divied into a number of compartments also surrounded by membranes.

4. The interior of a cell is divided into two The interior of a cell is divided into two -:regions -:regions 1-The nucleus..2-The cytoplasm

6. Function of plasma membrane:- 1-regulate the passage of substances into and out of the cell. 2-detect chemical messengers arriving at the surface. 3-link adjacent cells together by membrane junction. 4-anchor a variety of proteins,including intra cellular and extra cellular protein filaments involved in the generation and transmissiom of force.

7. What is this organelle?

9. What is the organelle?

10. A-granular endoplasmic reticulum:- Proteins synthesized on the attached ribosomes enter The lumen of the reticulum from which they are ultimately distributed to other organelles or secreted from cell.

11. B-Agranular endoplasmic reticulum:- Contains enzymes for fatty acid and steroid synthesis, it also stores and releases calcium ions involved in controlling various cell activities.

12. Function? What is this organelle?

13. Concentrates, modifies, and sorts proteins arriving from the granular endoplasmic reticulum prior to their distribution,by way of the golge vesicles,to other organelles or their secretion from cell.

14. What is this organelle?

15. Concerned with the chemical processes by which energy is made available to cells in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule. Most of the ATP used by cells is to formed in the mitochondria by process that consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.

16. Mitochondria are found throughout the cytoplasm. Large numbers of them as many as 1000, are present in cells that utilize large amount of energy, whereas less active cells contain fewer.

17. What is this organelle? Function?

18. Lysosomes contain avariety of digestive enzymes, so they act as “cellular stomach”,breaking down bacteria from dead cells, and damaged cell organells. They play an especially role in the various cells that make up the defense.system of the body

19. What is this organelle?

20. Peroxisomes break down certain toxic products formed from oxygen. In addition, the peroxiosmes in lever and kidney cells actually make hydrogen peroxide and use it to detoxify various ingested molecules.

21. What is this organelle? Function?

22. Filaments are referred to as the cells cytoskeleton, and like the bony skeleton of the body, it is associated with processes that maintain and change cell shape and produce cell movement.

23. Cytosol is the place where are the cell organelles are found, so it is the site where all cells activities The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells are happened.

24. The nucleus stores and transmits genetic information in the form of DNA. Genetic information passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where aminoacids are assembled into proteins. Nucleolus is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis. Assembles RNA and proteine components of ribosomal subunits, which then move to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores.

25. Is it real? Thank you