1. Bovineengineering.com Gearld.fry@gmail.com Gearld Fry 501 454 3252

2. 1. Herd Purity 2. Grass-Forage utilization 3. Muscle mass 4. Quality of product 5. Reproduction

5. Identifying the top 5% of the cows in your herd Manage those Genetics and rebuild the herd making every cow just like those females. These cows must be bred to a superior bull Replacements Daughters & Bulls comes from these cows

6.  Change your management so these cows can express their genetic & body conformation  By managing for genetic body expression you can increase the utilization of your grass as much as 25%=Reproductive efficiency  Your cows remain in good body condition in hard times

7.  Your cows maintain body condition & deliver a calf every year on time  Don’t breed young heifers until 24 months of age = longevity  Leave the calf at mothers side for a full 10 months

9.  These replacements must have abundant nutrition up to 18-20 months for proper body development  That nutrition must support the building of frame (bones) muscle mass and filling fat cells  Fat cells must be filled before breeding the heifers

10.  The cows & replacement heifers must have the genetic potential for producing 4% milk fat  Breed these heifers to their father (one) brother (two) uncle (three) grand-father (four) half brother (five)  You must begin thinking, selecting, managing and breeding for paternal genetic domination!!!!!!!!

12.  Start with a bull that is paternally line- bred if possible  Father to daughter, brother to sister, uncle to niece, grandfather to grand- daughter  A body conformation that is conducive to ruggedness, masculine or Fimenim, high fertility, heavy muscle mass

13.  What do you do with open cows?  How long have you been selling these cows?  Why do you think your cows are not fertile?  Have you ever considered the fertility of the bull as the cause of open cows?

14.  Semen quality 1. 90%+ live count 2. 80% motel = forward swimming cells 3. Abnormal’s (primary & secondary) total no more than 5% 4. Minimum of 1.5 billion cells at 14 – 16 months and more is better 5. 2-6 billion for matured bulls

15.  You have been selling open cows from the beginning of your operation  Culling does not improve your cow herd!!!  You have never demanded fertility from your bulls or the bulls you buy  You have been buying bulls from cows that are not from the top 5% of the cow herd

18.  Herd bulls only come from cows with 4% milk-fat or more  Only cows with high milk-fat have high uterine nutrition for proper and early glandular development

19.  Beef cow gives average of 4000# milk in a lactation for calf  4% of 4000# =160 #, and more fat is better  Milk fat is a genetic characteristic  Cow cant give more than genetics call for  Digestible fiber is the key for milk-fat production

20.  Don’t purchase a bull without full knowledge of his parents  Only use bulls with a full and revealing semen analysis  Young bull’s (16 mo) with 1.5 billion+ sperm count has high libido, copulates 12-14 times in 24 hours, does not run out of sperm cells, gets 80+% pregnant in first 21 days of breeding season settle 50-60 cows in 45 days, matured bull 75 cows

21. 1. Bald & or oily udders 2. Flat jaw bone 3. Small dense cannon bone 4. Soft supple hide 5. Big escutcheon & handle with short/fine hair 6. Short & soft hair on body 7. Adrenal whorl between shoulder blades or forward 8. Dandruff like flakes on tail bone or in switch 9. Small & pointed ears 10. Round knob on top of poll 11. False teats on back of udder

22. 1. 4% milk cows with heifer calves will have fat in udder & fat roll in front of udder 2. 4% milk cows calves will be healthy, fat, round 3. Most 4% cows have 2 false nipples on back of udder 4. Most 4% cows have yellow ear wax and yellow in tail switch 5. Herd bulls only comes from high milk fat cows

24. 1. Herd bulls = herd improvement 2. The herd bull is a genetic storage vault 3. Quality is a maternal trait 4. Quality must be genetically managed into the herd bull from great cows 5. Herd bulls & improvement only come from the top 5% of cows, they must be bred paternally for consistency, predictability & repeatability, heifers are better than their moms

27.  Milch cow by E. R Cochrane  Breeding Cows by Laurence Winters  Breeding Cows by Lush  Milch Cow by Francis Gunion  Breeding cows by Shaw