1. Commands! Learn these!

2. Imperatives Imperatives are simply commands Imperatives are always 2 nd person because who you are commanding is the one you want to do something (or not do something) They can be singular or plural

3. How to Form Imperatives The singular imperative is the present stem (2 nd principle part – re) porto, portare = portā sedeo,sedēre = sedē ago, agere = age capio, capere = cape audio, audīre = audī

4. How to Form Imperatives To form the plural imperative, add “te” to the singular porto, portare = portāte sedeo,sedēre = sedēte ago, agere = agite ******* capio, capere = capite ******* audio, audīre = audīte

5. How to Form Negative Imperatives For negative imperatives, add the singular or plural imperative of nolo, nolle, nolui to the infinitive porto, portare = noli portāre / nolite portare sedeo,sedēre = noli sedēre / nolite sedēre

6. 4 Irregular Imperatives dic! duc! fac! fer! dic, duc, fac, fer drop the “e” that should be there

7. How to translate imperatives In English, we don’t use a subject The “you” (2 nd person, remember) is understood When you write a command, punctuate it with an exclamation point! Negative translate as “Don’t verb!”

8. multae amphorae sunt in plaustrō. Vārica:Phile! portā hanc amphoram in vīllam! Philus:amphora magna est. difficile est mihi magnam amphoram portāre. Vārica:cūr? Phillus: quod ego sum senex.

9. Vārica geminōs in āreā cōnspicit. Vārica:Loquāx! Anti-Loquāx! Portāte hanc amphoram in vīllam! Loquāx:amphora gravis est. difficile est nōbīs amphoram gravem portāre. Vārica:cūr? Loquāx:quod nōs sumus puerī.