1. Shaping Our Planet

2. The Water Cycle http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9Yi4dAzHsc

3. Evaporation Conversion of a liquid to the vapor state by the addition of heat

4. Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plants

5. Condensation Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water. Condensation is crucial to the water cycle because it is responsible for the formation of clouds.

6. Precipitation Rain, Snow and Ice

7. Draw the Water Cycle

8. Water Cycle

9. The Rock Cycle http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53lMdHzvGCQ

12. Climate and Weather

13. Latitude Elevation Mountain Barriers Proximity to Water Ocean Currents Storms Atmospheric Pressure

14. Latitude

15. Warmer air “holds” more water Low pressure=warm air=precipitation High pressure=cold air=dry air

17. Elevation Equator receives most insolation Hot air rises, heads towards poles Air becomes heavy and sinks at 30°N and S Plus the Coriolis effect

18. Elevation For each 1,000 foot rise in altitude there is a 4°F drop in temperature. For example, if at sea level the average temperature is 75°F, at 10,000 feet the average temperature would be only 35°F. This has a dramatic effect on plant and animal distribution.

19. Mountain Boundaries

20. Proximity To Water

21. Proximity to Water Lake Effect Snow

22. Ocean currents Follow same circular pattern (driven by wind) Warm currents flow away from equator, pile up on eastern shores –Gulf Stream, Brazil Cold currents flow towards equator, cause upwelling –Humboldt/Peru, California

25. El Niño (more rain)

26. La Niña (less rain)

27. Storms Start at low pressure centers Warm air rises Water evaporates with energy from sun With condensation, energy is released

31. Atmospheric pressure Air is a fluid Warmer air is less dense Air moves from dense to less dense conditions Ex.: Land-sea breezes

32. Natural Processes That Change Climates Climate Changes  Solar Activity When the sun is most active, it contains dark blemishes called sunspots. The formation of sunspots appears to correspond with warm periods in Europe and North America.  Earth Motions Geographic changes in Earth’s land and water bodies cause changes in climate. Changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit and the tilt of Earth on its axis are other Earth motions that affect global climates.

33. Human Impact on Climate Changes Climate Changes  The Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect is a natural warming of both Earth’s lower atmosphere and Earth’s surface from solar radiation being absorbed and emitted by the atmosphere.  Global Warming As a result of increased levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, global temperatures have increased. This increase is called global warming.

35. Tropical Rainforest

36. Desert

37. Mediterranean

38. Marine West Coast

39. Humid Continental

40. Highland

41. Tundra

42. Steppe

43. Humid Subtropical

44. Savanna

45. Ice Cap

46. Subarctic