1. Dr Lambros Lazuras Lecturer in Psychology, International Faculty of the University of Sheffield Researcher, Department of Social & Developmental Psychology, University of Rome La Sapeinza l.lazuras@Sheffield.ac.uk

2. Dynamically evolving ‘playgrounds’ 2

3. How many ‘like’ you did today? 2.5 billion likes on a daily basis 77% of adolescent students aged 13-16 years hold an active social media account 38% of children 9-12 years report having used social media (Livingstone et al., 2012) 3

4. Bullying in the digital playground Aggressive behaviour expressed repeatedly and over time from one person or a group of people against others who cannot easily defend themselves 4 with the use of communication technology (Hinduja & Patchin, 2009; Smith et al., 2008)

5. Bullying vs. Cyberbullying Physical strength Identification Limited audience Time and space boundaries Anonymity Larger audience No time and space boundaries Hard to detect 5 (Hinduja & Patchin, 2010; Menesini & Spiel, 2012)

6. Types of cyberbullying Sending humiliating and offensive messages Personal data violation Posting denigrating messages and information about others on social media (Beran & Li, 2007; Pyzalksi, 2011) 6

7. Prevalence of cyberbullying Between 12-25% among adolescents (aged 12-17 years) in Canada, USA, and European countries 7 out of 10 times cyberbullying is related to traditional, face- to-face bullying Bully-victim role interchange (Olweus, 2012; Slonje et al., 2013) 7

8. Cyberbullying in Greece Tsorbatzoudis, Lazuras, & Barkoukis (2012) EU Programme DAPHNE III, Cyberbullying in 6 EU countries 997 high school students from 22 schools in Greece 10% reported being victims of cyberbullying 34% reported being witnesses of cyberbullying in their close environment Receiving denigrating and threatening messages was the most common type of cyberbullying http://www.bullyingandcyber.net/en/documents/ecip/greece/ 8

9. Consequences of cyberbullying Emotional problems Social exclusion and isolation Lower self-esteem Reduced academic performance and absenteeism Depression and negative affect Suicidal ideation and attempts (Hinduja & Patchin, 2010 ; Κowalksi et al., 2012) 9

10. So, what can we do? Students Think before you post, share or text Be an ‘upstander’ Respect others Keep private things for you Communicate appropriately 10

11. 3 + 1 principles …against cyberbullying Avoidance – not taking part in cyberbullying incidents Deterrence – actively trying to deter cyberbullying among my friends Reporting – to peers, teachers, and parents Care – not being neglectful of cyberbullying incidents 11

12. Υπεύθυνος χρήστης social media Stand up to Cyberbullying http://www.commonsensemedia.org/cyberbullying 12

13. What can parents and teachers do? Building trust so that students/children can talk to you more openly about their online experiences Take immediate action Provide love and care and emotional reassurance to students/children that have been victimized – they need it! Report to authorities 13

14. Useful links http://www.saferinternet.gr/ http://www.stopcyberbullying.org/ http://www.bullyingnoway.com.au/ http://www.cyberbullying.org/ http://www.commonsensemedia.org/cyberbullying 14

15. Thank you for your attention! 15