4. Define communication as a process Define meaning and message (in communication) Discuss how breakdown occurs in communication Describe the Four Oral Communication Situations Dissect the Five Principles of Communication

7. Communication is a process because it moves forward from a beginning point. Something has to happen FIRST! __________________________________ Communication has to start somewhere right?! That beginning point is the sender, which is the first person to initiate communication, whether it’s verbal or nonverbal!

9.  Speaker/Sender—one who sends a message.  Listener/Receiver—one who receives and interprets the message. ____________________________________ In the process of communication, WE play both of these roles in the communication process. In both roles, WE interact with each other trying to understand what the other means while trying to get our individual points across.

16. MEANING… Meaning can be defined or interpreted in 2 ways: _________________________________________________ (1) WHAT the sender/speaker wants the receiver/listener to know. (2) HOW the receiver/listener understands the sender’s message.

17.  A message is the WAY meaning is conveyed (shown).  A message can be verbal or nonverbal.  Messages are the CENTER of the communication process.  WITHOUT a message, there can be NO communication!

19. Meaning… If you and other(s) you are communicating with do NOT share the same meaning/understanding for words and phrases, you will have difficulty communicating and experience a breakdown in communication. (Side Note: This is what usually happens in conversations)

20. Defined: Misunderstandings in the process of communicating. Common Causes of Communication Breakdown: (1) Different understandings of the same words, phrases, messages. ** Different understandings are perhaps due to personal experiences. (2) Common words sounding alike but mean different things…they are called HOMOPHONES !

21. Is it possible for people to communicate with different meanings/understandings of the same words? Yes or No? (If yes how? or If not why NOT?)

22.  Funny  Borrow  Smart  Expensive  Justice  Peace  Friendship  Responsibility

24. One student listened very carefully as the teacher discussed the exam for the following day. The teacher said, “Know scale factor class!” The student thought, “Thank goodness, no scale factor.”

25. Joseph says, “Ms. Stephens’s class is hard.” And, Mario says, “I agree, her class is hard.” Scenario 2

26.  When Joseph says that Ms. Stephens’s class is “hard,” he may mean that there is a lot of homework/projects or she is strict.  However, when Mario agrees, he REALLY means that Ms. Stephens’s class is “hard” perhaps because the terminology/vocabulary is extremely unfamiliar or he struggles to understand the material which makes the course difficult.

27.  In North America, the “ok” sign signals “good job” or “well done” right?  Well in parts of South America, this same, “ok” sign, is an obscene (rude) gesture.  In France, that same “ok” sign means that something is worthless.

28. TAKE A DEEP BREATH…

29. 4 Oral Communication Situations:  Interpersonal Communication  Group Communication  Public Communication  Interpretive Communication

30.  Interpersonal means “between people”. Therefore, interpersonal communication occurs between 2 people! EXAMPLES:  Talking to friend on the telephone  Meeting someone at a party  Discussing personal issues with best friend  Studying/observing interpersonal communication helps you understand more about the communication process that occurs when individuals talk to each other.

31.  Key word… ”GROUP”… 3 or more (**but no more than 10-15) EXAMPLES:  Student council meetings  Class projects in small groups In life, you will have to work in groups to solve problems or plan events. Agree to disagree in group communication Not everyone can be the “leader”…elect a leader and be the best follower There’s a common goal to achieve, so differences must be put aside.

32.  Standing and speaking before a group or crowd of people causes you to take part in PUBLIC communication.  Speaking in public REQUIRES you to be informed and organized.  You MUST be able to connect with your audience. Different forms of public speaking include: o Informative (i.e., teachers teaching; principal’s announcements) o Persuasive (i.e., commercials) o Demonstrative (i.e., infomercials)

33. Base word…”interpret” means _____________________.  When you read a story aloud, recite a poem before an audience, or quote a passage by a famous person, YOU are involved in interpretive communication. Interpretive Communication involves: Bringing literature to life by:  understanding written material very well  knowing HOW to interestingly present literature for listeners

34.  In the month of January, many commemorate Dr. King’s life by reading and discussing his famous, “I have a dream” speech. ____________________________  Marion Barber gives a brief explanation to Channel 5 News about his performance during the playoffs. ____________________________  Sam and Jackie plan to go to the movies Friday night. ____________________________  Departments are meeting to plan student goals and expectations for the upcoming school year. ____________________________

35. Transactional Complex Unavoidable Continuous Learned

36.  Transactional refers to the process which involves exchange  Communicators exchange messages (send and receive messages) simultaneously (at the same time).  Again each communicator plays both sender and receiver in the process of communication

37.  Communication is complex (meaning difficult) because communication involves a series of complicated processes.  Each process affects the other which makes communication complex!  There are SIX reasons WHY communication is complex.

38. (1) Symbolic : meaning is communicated through symbols, which are always open to interpretation (2) Personal/Cultural :  A person’s personal background can affect communication with them due to their personal experiences that may be different from yours in several areas.  Likewise, a person’s culture (and the practices included) adds barriers to effectively communicating with them. (3) Irreversible : One cannot take verbal and nonverbal messages back. o After it’s said and done, one can ONLY send messages (verbal and nonverbal) to try and correct mistakes or misunderstandings to the original. (4) Impossible to Duplicate : interaction happens once in exact way—conditions will never be the same

39. (5) Circular — communication involves original messages and feedback to those messages. FEEDBACK IS NECESSARY to confirm that communication has occurred! NOTICE …I wait to hear a response when I ask, “Does everyone understand what they are supposed to do?” before moving forward. No answers means awkward moments of silence  ! (6) Purposeful — There is ALWAYS a reason behind a message. Communication helps us to meet needs such as:  securing food and shelter  get and give information  belong  be respected and valued as a person

40. It is impossible NOT to communicate! When you think you’re not, you ARE !

41.  Communication is ONGOING; it keeps going  Once you’ve initially communicated with a person, future communication is FOREVER impacted by your initial communication.  Communication continues to influence future interaction and shape our relationships with others.

42.  You learn to communicate by observing and mimicking (imitating) the verbal and nonverbal behaviors of people around you.  If you are around yelling/loud talking, laughter, fighting/arguing, dancing, studying, cooking, etc., you learn to do those things.  It is definitely possible to improve your verbal and nonverbal communication skills just as it is possible to improve your reading and writing skills…through PRACTICE!

43. …for your UNDIVIDED attention! You are APPRECIATED! Round of applause for yourselves!