1. Control..Imperial Governments and Societies Military techniques and methods of production

2. Imperial governments project military control by the following techniques  Diplomacy  Developing Supply Lines  Building Fortifications, defensive walls, and roads  Drawing new groups of military officers and soldiers from local populations or conquered peoples.

3. Diplomacy Persian When the Persians annex Ionia in about 545, acquiring a foothold on the Aegean, the strongest city state in mainland Greece is Sparta. None of the Greek states risk an armed excursion in defense of the Ionians, but the Spartans do send a message to the Persian emperor, Cyrus, warning him to keep away from Greece. His reply, as reported, suggests genuine bewilderment. 'Who are the Spartans?', he asks SpartaCyrus Han The period of the Han Dynasty (202 BC–220 AD) was a groundbreaking era in the history of Imperial China's foreign relations. During the long reign of Emperor Wu of Han (r. 141–87 BC), the travels of Chinese ambassador Zhang Qian opened up China's relations with many different Asian territories for the first time.Han DynastyEmperor Wu of HanZhang Qian

4. Diplomacy Maurya/Gupta Others believe that Ashoka's doctrine of nonviolence curbed the military ardor of his people and left them vulnerable to invaders. (Fall of the Maurya) Chandra Gupta II: Peace through diplomacy (in empire) and marriage alliances Rome/Greek As Rome expanded, it often negotiated with representatives of conquered areas, to which it granted partial self-government by way of a treaty The earliest evidence of Greek diplomacy can be found in its literature, notably in Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. Otherwise, the first traces of interstate relations concern the Olympic Games of 776 bcHomerOlympic Games

5. Example of a Roman fortification Classical Roman Fort

6. Example of a defensive wall The Great Wall of China

7. Example of a road The Royal Road of the Persian Empire Much of the success of the empires rested on their promotion of trade and economic integration by building and maintaining roads and issuing currency.

8. The social structures of empires Displayed hierarchies that included cultivators, laborers, slaves, artisans, merchants, elites, or caste groups Imperial societies relied on a range of methods to maintain the production of food and provide rewards for the loyalty of the elite Patriarchy continued to shape gender and family relations in all imperial societies of this period

9. Methods of control Corve’e- another form of unpaid labor Slavery Rents and Tributes Peasant Communities Family and Household Production

10. Corve’e Unpaid labor similar to slavery