1. Bellringer What do you know about the structure of bones? Recall from biology that birds have hollow bones. What are the advantages of having hollow bones? Which do you think would be stronger, hollow bones or solid bones?

2. Activity 1.Roll up 3 pieces of paper so they are about 1 inch wide. 2.Stand them on end and place a paper plate on top of them. 3.Add weight until they collapse. How much weight did they hold? 4.Repeat, rolling the paper up as tightly as possible, so there is no hollow middle. How much weight could they support?

3. Bone Structure Bones differ greatly in size and shape, but are similar in structure. Broader area at the ends is called the “epiphysis”. Epiphysis is covered with hyaline cartilage (???) called “articular*** cartilage”. The shaft of the bone is called the “diaphysis”.

4. Bone Structure, continued…. “periosteum” = ??? Periosteum is a vascular (???) covering of fibrous tissue that completely covers the bone, except for the articular cartilage on the ends. – Tendons and ligaments attach to the periosteum. – Helps form and repair bone tissue.

5. Bone Structure, continued…. Compact bone (cortical bone) – Tightly packed – Continuous matrix with no gaps – Makes up the walls of the diaphysis Spongy bone (cancellous bone) – Consists of branching bony plates with connecting spaces, which reduce weight – Makes up the epiphyses (plural form), with thin layers of compact bone on their surfaces

6. Some bones have more dense spongy bone than others. WHY?

7. Bone Structure, continued…. “Medullary cavity” – hollow chamber in the diaphysis that is continuous with (???) the spongy bone (located where?) “endosteum” = ? Endosteum is a thin layer of cells lining the medullary cavity. “Marrow” – specialized type of soft _______ tissue that fills the cavity.

8. Label Diagram Handout