1. Science Survey ACIDS AND BASES

2. ACIDS Acids donate H+ ions to form hydronium ions, H 3 0 + when dissolved in water. Acids have a pH of less than 7. pH= measure of the hydronium concentration in a solution.

3. Acids taste sour and are corrosive. Examples of acids include lemon juice (citric acid), carbonated drinks, hydrochloric acid (HCl), vinegar (acetic acid)

4. BASES Bases contain hydroxide ions, OH-, or react with water to form hydroxide ions. Bases accept hydrogen ions, H+ Bases are bitter, slippery substances.

5. Bases have a pH greater than 7. Examples include: antacids, detergents, bleach, ammonia, calcium hydroxide (lime), and baking soda. Bleach is a basic solution that can either be used as a disenfectant, or to remove colors or stains.

6. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acids, Bases, and pH The pH scale Chemists devised a measurement system called the pH scale to indicate the concentration of H + ions in solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.

7. Acid-Base Concentration (pH) Acidic: pH 0–6.99 Basic: pH 7.01–14 Neutral: pH 7.00 Figure 2.13

9. Neutralization reactions In neutralization reactions, acids and bases react together to form water and salt. Ex) HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H 2 O acid base salt water  Antacids are weak bases that neutralize stomach acid.

10. Describing solutions Solutions can be acidic, basic, or neutral. Acidic solutions have [H 3 O + ] > [OH-] Basic solutions have [OH-] > [H 3 O + ] Neutral solutions have [H 3 O + ] = [OH-] A substance that can act as an acid or base, such as water, is said to be amphoteric.