1. Accomplishments of Mesopotamia 7.1 & 7.2

2. By Sarah, Muriel, and Nairi

3. Sailboat

4. 3-5 facts about sailboats The Sumerian’s were the first to create the sailboat It was significant because it allowed them to travel easier It also allowed for the people to trade by water The first sailboats were very small and were like a circular basket After a couple years of creation the sailboats became large up to 60 feet long

5. Helped Sumerians’ transport goods in water Used sailboats to travel from Sumer to distant lands Used for sailing on rivers and canals Basket shaped, covered with animal skins Piled sailboats with farmers extra grain and woven materials.

6. Sumerian Medicine The Sumerian’s medicine was a combination of natural healing techniques and surgery, it was significant because it helped saved peoples lives Doctor’s treatments for illness focused on applying many different plants and mineral oils to sick body parts Archeologists also believe that Sumerian doctors performed a kind of brain surgery called trephination* *trephination – Archeologists believe that trephination is when doctors cut holes in people’s skulls, to relieve pressure on their brains.

7. Medicine By Ella & Risa  Combined surgery and natural healing techniques  Early Sumerians tried to cure illnesses by having spiritual doctors eradicate the “demons” which they thought caused sickness  Doctors used many plants and mineral oils to sick body parts, and performed the early brain surgery of drilling a hole in the skull to relieve pressure  Their healing techniques included, Washing the sick body part with beer and mixing honey and crushed turtle shells and apply to the sick body part.

8. - A structure made of bricks that added sophistication and beauty. It was shaped like an inverted U or a V shape. -They allowed builders to create larger upright openings. -They added strength to architecture. -They later used the arches to create bridges, temples, and wealthy people’s homes. The Purpose: Definition:

9. The Sumerians made the first laws on clay blocks It helped with controlling the empire because when someone broke a law the judges would know what punishment the criminal would get It also helped guide people if they felt the judge’s decision was unfair they could complain to the king which would use the laws to help figure out what to do

10. Mathematics Written by: Sarah Gleba & Naomi Mirny Very Important for Daily Life- Calculating Farmers land Measuring land boundaries Weighing and ounting goods Astronomy Use- Let people calculate positions of the moon sun and planets Sumerians believed the positions of the sun, moon, and planets predicted their future Sumerian Mathematics used Nowadays Everything based on 60- an hour, a minute, a 360 degrees circle Used 3,600 to indicate a large number, like the way we say “a million”

11. Ziggurat Means “mountain of god” Ancient temple/tower Sumerians very religious, took religion seriously Made staircase with 100 steps so the gods could go to earth Made of mud & bricks, stood in city states As high as 80 feet, 200 feet wide Zigzag and triangle decorations

12. Ziggurats Ziggurats are tall, intricate pieces of architecture within a Sumerian city that were thought to house one of the many gods in Sumerian culture. Their unique building style takes place in architecture today. They were made of mud and brick, and they were often 80 feet tall and 200 feet wide. They were always located in the center of the city. Only people of upmost importance were allowed in the Ziggurats, such as kings or priests.

13. Games in Mesopotamia -Sumerians created board games for entertainment and good luck -They used colored squares and pieces of shells, stones and bones for pawns -Believed they would give them good luck in gaining food, drink, and love -Games we play today were inspired by the games the Sumerians created Niko Murray and Gabriel Ponder

14. -The plow made planting seeds much more efficient. -Before the plow they dig there own small little holes and plant the seeds by hand. -The Sumerians first plows were made out of wood. -Around 4000 B.C.E. Sumerians made more sturdy plows with stronger blades. -Funnel was put on top of the plow so right after the plow did the work the seeds dropped in.

15. Sumerian melody Below is the Sumerian Lyre

16. Sumerian music facts Musicians played music, believing it would bring joy to the gods along with playing music during sacrifices to the gods as well other religious practices Musicians started being hired to sing or perform at wealthy peoples houses. The instrument makers made every instrument beautiful with brilliant stones, and gold.

17. IRRIGATION If you can irrigate an area then it has abundant water, good drainage, and a supply of fertilizer for the soil. The Mesopotamians used the Euphrates and tigress as their main source of water for irrigaation IRRIGATION: Is he artificial application of water to land or soil