1. Instructional Design Document Joule Cycle STAM Interactive Solutions

2. Demo Outline (For reference) ‏ Interactive pageCOP3 Animated pageModifications2 Animated pageBasic Refrigeration Cycle1 Page TypeTopic NameTopic Number

3. Yet to receive from Prof. GaitondeQuiz Question 5 - Will be reworded by Professor 6 Slide 13 – Text changed as suggestedQuiz Question 4 - Use “Processes” instead of “Stages” 5 Slide 8 - Changes made as suggested..Also refer to the notes section for guidelines on the interactivity. Efficiency - Use COP Show for basic cycle only Fix TH and PL Allow TL and PH to be dragged up and down. TL from 220 to 280K, PH from 2 to 20 bar 4 Slide 6 – Changes to the figure made as suggested Use WNET Change arrow locations for all block diagrams Change Isobaric Heat Input to Refrigeration Effect Mark Tsurroundings and Tref / Tcoldspace on figure 3 Slide 6 – Explanation on Refrigeration added in naration mentioned in the notes section Mention REFRIGERATION HEAT since many texts use this term 2 Slide 5 – Changes made to the cycle as suggested Slide 5 - Use image of basic Joule Cycle, not regenerative 1 Changes reflected on slide no.Changes Suggested by Prof. Gaitonde Change Log (as per the minutes pdf) ‏

4. PLEASE READ Global Note: Please change the isobars on all the graphs as given in the excel sheet ‘IsobarsForBraytonCycle.xls’ For all the graphs: 1.Show a pipe like structure with temperature variations in terms of colors with red & blue gradients. For working models: 2.Use consistent block designs for Compressors, Turbines, Combustion Chambers/Boilers, Regenerators, Intercoolers and Reheaters. 3.Show the arrow entering the compressor pointing to the compressors right bottom corner. 4.Show the arrow exiting the compressor pointing to the compressors left top corner. 5.Show the arrow entering the expander pointing to the expanders right top corner. Show the arrow exiting the expander pointing to the expanders left bottom corner. If there are no arrows indicated on the reference image please insert arrows according to the numbers indicated on it. While showing both graphs & working models: 1.Show a particle movement in the working model syncd with arrow movement in the pipe like structure of the graph. 2.While showing Efficiency, show the useful work (area enclosed between the upper & lower curve) & unused work (area enclosed between lower curve & the x-axis) with different colors.

5. Joule cycle Applied Thermodynamics: Refrigeration Cycle In air-standard refrigeration cycles, refrigeration is accomplished by means of a non-condensing gas cycle rather than a refrigerant vapor cycle. Let’s see how this works. Changes made to reflect Basic Joule Cycle

6. Joule cycle Applied Thermodynamics: Refrigeration Cycle Basic Refrigeration Cycle Isentropic Expansion Isobaric Heat Rejection Isentropic Compression Isobaric Heat Input (Refrigeration Effect) ‏ T-S Diagram T ref / T coldspace Q ref (Refrigeration Heat) ‏ Net Label changed to ‘W Net ’ Labels added as suggested

7. Joule cycle Applied Thermodynamics: Refrigeration Cycle Modifications T-S diagram of an air-standard refrigeration cycle with a regenerator (Regenerator) ‏

8. Joule cycle Applied Thermodynamics: Refrigeration Cycle COP COP (%) ‏ Set T1 and PH. 0 100 40 50 30 20 10 80 70 60 90 Compressor Inlet Temperature (T1): Kelvin (Range: 220 to 280K) ‏ Compressor Outlet Pressure (PH): (Range: 2 to 20 Bar) ‏ Expander Outlet Pressure (PL): 1 Constant Expander Inlet Temperature (T3): 290K Constant

9. Joule cycle Applied Thermodynamics: Refrigeration Cycle Resources Books: 1.G.J.Van Wylen's, "Thermodynamics“. Reference Links: 1.http://www.refrigerator-troubleshooting.com/air-standard-refrigeration-systems.html

10. Joule cycle Applied Thermodynamics: Refrigeration Cycle For a Joule Cycle the Coefficient of Performance (COP) is always more than that of a reversed Carnot cycle the COP is always less than that of a reversed Carnot cycle the COP may be either lower or higher than that of a reversed Carnot cycle, depending on the working fluid

11. Joule cycle Applied Thermodynamics: Refrigeration Cycle The ideal Joule cycle is not achievable because compression and expansion are irreversible there is a pressure drop in the heat exchangers

12. Joule cycle Applied Thermodynamics: Refrigeration Cycle In the Joule Cycle if the turbine is coupled to the compressor, no external work is required. True False

13. Joule cycle Applied Thermodynamics: Refrigeration Cycle The 4 processes in the Joule Cycle are Isentropic compression - Isobaric heat rejection - Isentropic expansion - Isobaric heat input Isobaric compression - Isentropic heat rejection - Isobaric expansion - Isentropic heat input Adiabatic compression - Isentropic heat rejection - Adiabatic expansion - Isentropic heat input Adiabatic compression - Isobaric heat rejection - Adiabatic expansion - Isobaric heat input Text changed

14. Joule cycle Applied Thermodynamics: Refrigeration Cycle Regeneration increases cost, increases design complexity and increases cooling increases cost, increases design complexity and decreases cooling decreases cost, decreases design complexity and increases cooling decreases cost, decreases design complexity and decreases cooling