1. 23 Transformation of Europe 1

2. Change??? 2

3. 3

4. 4

5. HUMANISM Humans Religion: not central 5

6. CHANGE Tech. Family Late marr. small 6

7. Protestant Reformation Martin Luther Church corrupt Faith ?? 7

8. Lutheranism Abolish hierarchy traditions, rituals 8

9. CATHOLIC RESPONSE ?? Society of Jesus (Jesuits) St. Ignatius Militant Education 9

10. Witch Hunts Late 15 th cent. Belief: Devil and human assistants 16 th -17 th cent.: 60-100k deaths Females (single, widowed) ??? Class Women 10

11. NATION-STATE Absence of unity +++ Culture/language Bonds 11

12. MONARCHY Henry VIII Anglican Church property 12

13. Louis XIV Absolutism Versailles, 1670s 13

14. GROWTH Columbian Exchange Potato 14

15. URBANIZATION 15

16. 16

17. EARLY CAPITALISM Private individuals, not govt. Supply and demand Mass consumerism Adam Smith Individuals improve society 17

18. CAUSES? Govt. demand Population + Colonial agriculture (Americas) Precious metals 18

19. COPERNICUS Before: Earth motionless 1543 N. Copernicus Christian doctrine The sun 19

20. COPY CAT? 13 th. Cent.: Arab scientists Copy or independently? Chinese, Indian, Mayan Europe – 16 th cent. 20

21. REVOLUTION Challenge church doctrines 21

22. ENLIGHTENMENT Humans good Education Reason=truth 22

23. SOCIETY Entertainment Blood, violence Animal fights, executions Circus Women Stereotypes: child-like, emotions Oppressive 23

24. ???? Cities Gender roles Ideas discipline Europe +++ 24