1. Chapter 6: Cause / Effect Essays
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29/04/37

2. Write about one of the following topics
The psychological causes of Internet addiction
The psychological effects of violent video games and movies.
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3. Analyzing the models
Read (Writing Model 1) on page 117 and answer the following questions:
Is the topic of this essay primarily the causes or the effects of shyness?
Which paragraph discusses the causes?
Which paragraph discusses the effects?
What two subtopics are named in the thesis statement?
Which paragraph discusses the first subtopic?
Which paragraph discusses the second subtopic?
What is the function of paragraph 3?
Nada Falemban
29/04/37

4. Answers
Is the topic of this essay primarily the causes or the effects of shyness?
Which paragraph discusses the causes? 2- 4 – 5 – 6
Which paragraph discusses the effects? 7
What two subtopics are named in the thesis statement? Genetic and environmental causes
Which paragraph discusses the first subtopic? 2
Which paragraph discusses the second subtopic? 4 – 5 – 6
What is the function of paragraph 3? It is a transition paragraph.
Nada Falemban
29/04/37

5. Analyzing the models
Read the writing model 2 in page 119 and answer the following questions:
What is the cause of the increased melatonin and the decreased serotonin in winter?
What effect do these seasonal changes in melatonin and serotonin have on some people?
What advice do doctors give people who suffer from SAD?
Nada Falemban
29/04/37

6. Sadness, depression, lack of energy, weight gain, and/or overseelping.
Answers
Lack of sunlight.
Sadness, depression, lack of energy, weight gain, and/or overseelping.
To have a walk outside during the day and expose to artificial light.
Nada Falemban
29/04/37

7. Organization You can organize a cause/effect essay in two main ways:
Block organization
Chain organization
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8. Organization Block organization Use it for long, complex topics.
You may discuss all causes and then all effects or vice versa; you can write only about causes or only about effects.
You might need to write a “transition paragraph” to conclude one section and introduce another section.
Nada Falemban
29/04/37

9. Exercise 2 Page 122
Fill in the boxes to show the block organization pattern of writing model 1
Thesis statement: They have found that shyness in an individual can result from both biological and environmental factors.
1st cause: genetics
Transition paragraph
introduction
conclusion
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29/04/37

10. Organization 2) Chain organization
Use it when the causes and effects are closely linked.
Each cause and its effect are links in a chain; an effect becomes the cause of another.
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29/04/37

11. Exercise 3 Page 124
Fill in the boxes to complete the flowchart, which illustrates the cause/effect chain described in writing model 2
Less light
Body produces more _____________ and less ___________ +
______________________________________
Lack of energy, oversleeping, weight gain, anxiety
conclusion
Nada Falemban
29/04/37

12. Nada Falemban
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13. Transition signals for cause/effect relationship (page 124): Causes
Coordinators
For
Subordinators
Because
Since As
Others
To result from
To be the result of
Due to
Because of
The effect of
The consequence of
As a result of
As a consequence of
Nada Falemban
29/04/37

14. Transition signals for cause/effect relationship (page 126): Effects
Transition Words and Phrases
As a result
As a consequence
Therefore
Thus
Consequently
hence
Coordinators So
Others
To result in
To cause
To have an effect on
To affect
The cause of
The reason for
thereby (It is used mostly in front of –ing phrases)
Nada Falemban
29/04/37