1. The History of South & Southeast Asia SS7H3 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia

2. A Spirit of Nationalism in India 0 A feeling of nationalism began to surface in India in the 1800’s. 0 People began to get upset that their country was a part of the British colonial empire. They were second class citizens in their own country. (Where else have we seen this?) 0 The best jobs and education were reserved for the British. Indian craftsmen were not allowed to run their traditional businesses if that meant competition for the British. 0 In addition, years of contact with the British taught the Indians the western ideas of self government and democracy; however the British did not want to share these two ideals with their colonies

3. Opposing British Rule 0 People began to create groups to oppose British rule. 0 The first two groups to form work for the rights of Indians were the Indian National Congress and the Muslim league. 0 The Indian National Congress attracted mainly Indian Hindus, and the Muslim League attracted Indians who were followers of Islam. 0 As they gathered more members and became more organized they began to call for Indian independence from the British

4. One Step Closer to Independence 0 During World War I the Indians joined forces with the British in hopes of gaining their independence at the end of the war. 0 The British Parliament even promised them that when the war was over that India was be able to work towards self- government. 0 Unfortunately after the war nothing changed, Indians were still second class citizens. 0 Those who protested were arrested under the Rowlett Act, which gave the British power to send Indians to jail for up to two years without trial. 0 In 1919, British authorities opened fire on a large gathering of Indians in the town of Amritsar, claiming that they were gathering illegally. Over 400 people were killed and another 1200 wounded. This massacre made Indians all over the country furious, and almost overnight they were united in a call for complete independence.

5. More about India’s History!! 0 Following the slaughter at Amritsar, Mohandas Gandhi began to urge Indians to refuse to cooperate with the British laws they felt were unjust. 0 Mohandas Gandhi was and Indian political leader who began his adult life as a lawyer. He lived in South Africa for a while, where he encounter that countries strict apartheid (the legal separation of the races) system. 0 He is one of the most important individuals in the story of Indian nationalism. 0 After witnesses the unfair treatment of the South Africans, Gandhi was determined that people should be treated equally, no matter what their nationality or situation in life. 0 Many of Gandhi’s followers called him Mahatma, or the “Great Soul”

6. A Mighty Boycott 0 The Indians were to stop buying British goods and refuse to pay taxes that did not benefit the Indian people. Gandhi also told the Indians to resist paying a British tax on salt 0 He led a march across the country to the sea where people made their own salt by evaporating sea water. 0 At a later march aimed at closing down a British salt factory, the British guards responded by clubbing and beating the peaceful demonstrators. 0 The international press coverage of this violent response on the part of the British gave Gandhi and his followers a moral advantage (doing the right thing) they had not had before.

7. 0 People around the world began to call for the British to give the Indians the independence they wanted. 0 Gandhi’s campaign of civil disobedience gradually wore the British down. 0 In 1935 the British government gave up. Britain passed the Government of India Act that gave India some self-government. This was a start but not the independence most Indians wanted. 0 After the end of World War II, the British formally gave up their colonial claims to the Indian subcontinent. Unfortunately by 1946 disputes broke out among the Indians about how the country should be ruled. 0 The final decisions was to divide India into three countries, East and West Pakistan would be created for Muslims and India would be a Hindu country.

8. Directions: Review the notes above, then complete the “Stew” Review below “Stew” Review Gandhi

10. Colonial Control 0 Vietnam was another Southeastern Asian country controlled by a European countries. In the early 1900’s, the French gained control of an area of Southeast Asia known as Indochina. 0 Later, this became the modern country of Vietnam. 0 The French wanted control in Indochina because they used the seaports and the area was a rich source of agricultural products and natural resources.

11. The Struggle for Independence 0 Nationalism was a factor in the area known as French Indochina. The people who live there had worked to maintain independence from China, their powerful northern neighbor. They saw themselves as separate people among the many groups in the Southeast. The nationalist energy was directed at the French colonial rulers. 0 A young man Ho Chi Minh, began to work for Vietnamese independence from the French. He thought the Communist Party might be the best route to take because the communist were outspoken critics of European colonialism. In the 1930’s, he organized an Indochinese Communist Party. They began to stage protests against French rule. His efforts landed his followers in jail and he had to leave the country to avoid a death penalty.

12. DOK 1DOK 2 DOK 3 1.Which colonial power controlled Vietnam during the early 1900’s 2.Why did the French want control of Vietnam? 1.What can you say about nationalism within Vietnam? 2.How were the nationalist movements similar in Vietnam and India? 1.What conclusions can you draw about Ho Chi Minh? 1.Can you formulate a theory for European Imperialism?

13. The French Surrender…. 0 When World War II began, Ho Chi Minh hoped it would mean the end of French rule in his country. He helped to found a new group, the Vietminh League, a group that had Vietnamese independence as its goal. Unfortunately, when the war ended, the French moved to regain control of its colonial possession, which they still call French Indochina.. 0 For the next nine years, Ho Chi Minh and his Vietminh fought with the French colonial forces. While the French were able to maintain control of most of the cities, particularly in the south, the people in the countryside worked with Ho Chi Minh. They wanted control of their own country. 0 In 1954, the French decided to surrender control of the country to Ho Chi Minh. 0 All parties to the conflict went to Geneva, Switzerland for a conference to end French involvement in Vietnam

14. Analyzing Analogies Is to Relationship

15. The Domino Theory 0 At this Geneva Conference in 1954, the United States became alarmed at the prospect of Ho Chi Minh ruling Vietnam. 0 The Unites States saw him as a communist rather than a nationalist leader. The U.S. feared that a communist Vietnam would lead other countries in the area to become communist as well, this theory is known as the Domino Theory. 0 The United Stated used its influence to have Vietnam temporarily divided into two parts. Ho Chi Minh was in charge in the north and the United States was in control in the south. 0 The plan was to stabilize the country and then let the people vote on what sort of government they wanted. 0 The United States hoped to find someone they could put ups as a democratic alternative to Ho Chi Minh, so the country could be reunited, but as a democracy rather than as a communist state

16. 1.____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ took over Vietnam as a ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 2.Vietnam wanted their own ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 3.V ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ Communist defeated the ____ ____ ____ 4. The ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ and other democracies did not want Vietnam to become a ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ country 6. ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ held a private election in South Vietnam 7. In 1959 the ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ launched a war against the South 8. The war lasted for more than ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ Answer: Vietnam has to rebuild because of the ____ ____ __v_ ____ __l_ __w_ ____ ____ that 1 3 4 6 7 took place between the Northern Vietnamese and the Southern Vietnamese.

17. The Geneva Conference 0 The Geneva Conference in 1954 began the United States’ long involvement in the politics of Vietnam. Northern and southern zones were drawn into which opposing troops were to withdraw. 0 Northern and Southern zones were drawn into which opposing troops were to withdraw. 0 The northern and southern parts were to be reunited after free elections to be held in July 1956.

18. A Split Decision 0 As the years stretched out, the Vietnamese became more and more anxious to have independence. Many in the southern part of the country sympathized with those in the north, seeing them as fellow country rather than the enemy. Feelings of nationalism were more important than ideas about what political system they should have. 0 After many years of fighting and the loss of many thousands of lives among the Vietnamese as well as the American soldiers, the United States decided to withdraw its forces from Vietnam. 0 The last American helicopters left Vietnam in April 1975. The forces of the North Vietnamese army took over the country and unified it the next day as the Republic of Vietnam. While the new country was communist, most of the other countries in the region did not become communist.

19. Historical Frames: Review Group: __________ What problems did they face?? What did they do to solve them? What changes caused these problems? Do you agree with the decision?

20. SS7H3 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia c. Explain the role of the United States in the rebuilding of Japan after World War II

21. Caught in the Crossfire 0 During the last months of WWII, leaders from the United States, and the Soviet Union, and Great Britain met at a small resort on the Black Sea called Yalta 0 They drew up an agreement about how they would cooperate to put Germany back together after Germany and Japan were defeated 0 The plan was called the Yalta agreement 0 According to the plan, each country was to occupy the lands where their troops were when the war ended. 0 However, shortly after WWII the Cold War (a war without fighting) broke out between the United States and the Soviet Union 0 The Soviet Union and the United States had very different political ideas. 0 The Soviet Union had a communist government and wanted to spread their communist ideas throughout Europe

22. U.S. Commitment

23. Divided Land 0 The Soviet Union and the United States competed with each other to get as many governments in place as they could that would share their philosophy 0 The Korean Peninsula was caught in the crossfire 0 At the end of WWII, the Soviet Union was in control of the northern half of the peninsula and the United States was in control of the southern half 0 There were many talks of uniting the countries but neither the U.S. or the Soviet Union could agree on how the elections should be held therefore the country was simply divided into two countries 0 The U.S. insisted on supporting a free South Korea since they believed that if any additional countries in Southeast Asia were communist then they would all eventually become communist. 0 The two countries have continued to function separately, one a communist government and the other a democracy which is divided by the “DMZ” Demilitarized Zone http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v =yDYoEyarEBU

24. Reviewing Korea What led to the Cold War Why was the Korean Peninsula divided? What was the spread of Communism known as? How was the conflict in Korea similar to that of Vietnam?

25. SS7H3 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia c. Explain the role of the United States in the rebuilding of Japan after World War II

26. A Rubble of a Mess 0 After World War II Japan was left in rubble. 0 Industries and farms were destroyed, the government was in shambles, the people were demoralized, and the emperor had been exposed as an ordinary mortal rather than the god the Japanese people had believed him to be. 0 The American commander of the occupation forces was General Douglas MacArthur. He was given the job of putting Japan back on its feet, in a way that would guarantee that Japan would not pose a military threat to other countries in the future

27. A New Form of Government 0 General MacArthur wanted Japan to have a democratic government, but he also appreciated the important place the Japanese emperor occupied in the Japanese culture. 0 He decided Japan would be a constitutional monarchy. He wrote a constitution for the country, still referred to as The MacArthur Constitution that created a two-house parliament called the Diet. The emperor remained as a symbol of the country. The Japanese people were granted universal suffrage, and everyone over the age of 20 was allowed to vote for members of the Diet

28. New Rules for a New Nation 0 The new constitution designed by Mac Arthur contained a Bill of Rights and guaranteed basic freedoms. One clause in this constitution prevents Japan from declaring war. They are allowed to fight only if they are attacked first. 0 The Japanese signed all peace treaties ending the war and pledged to pay war reparations (damages) to the countries they harmed during World War II. American troops were allowed to remain in Japan, and the Japanese were not permitted to rebuild their military in any major way.

29. Non Fiction Note pads Slide Title

31. SS7H3 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia d. Describe the impact of communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen Square

32. A Spirit of Nationalism 0 Nationalism was also a powerful influence in China at the end of World War I. 0 Chinese nationalist were able to overthrow the Qing Dynasty in 1912, a dynasty that had ruled China since the 1600’s. 0 The new government was called the Republic of China, which declared that one of its aims would be an end to foreign control in China’s affairs.

33. China’s Leading Political Party 0 The leading political party was called the Kuomintang, or the Nationalist Party, led by a man named Sun Yixian 0 This new government was unable to bring order to China or help the Chinese People. 0 As a result many people were robbed, there was very little food and the Chinese faced famine

34. 0 With the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, the Europeans gave control Sun Yixan and some of the Chinese territory to Japan 0 Disillusions with western style democracy the Chinese looked to communist Russia for advice and their communist revolution as an alternative 0 Mao Zedong, a young teacher, and other young men formed the Chinese Communist Party 0 After the death of Sun Yixian the new head of the Kuomintang, Jiang Jieshi tried to make alliances with the new Chinese communist. 0 After a couple of years the Kuomintang government turned on the communists and many of them were killed. 0 Jinag Jieshi announced the formation of his new government, the Nationalist Republic of China

35. 0 Mao Zedong survived the attack 0 A civil war broke out between the communist and the Nationalist government of Jiang Jieshi 0 Mao led 600,000 people into the mountains to escape the defeat of the nationalist government. This became known as “The long March” (it was a sign of Mao’s dedication to his cause) 0 The two called a temporary truce during WWII as both groups fought to keep the Japanese from gaining control of China 0 At the end of WWII the truce ended

36. 0 The civil war lasted for three years 0 Mao’s communist, now called the Red Army defeated the Nationalist government 0 In October of 1949 Mao proclaimed the creation of the “Peoples Republic of China”, a communist government that now led one of the largest countries in the world

37. 0 Mao organized all farms into collectives, where all ownership and decision making was in the hands of the government 0 Eliminated private ownership of

38. 0 Lack of dedication from disgruntle farmers and a series of crop failures caused period of famine in China 0 The Great Leap forward was abandoned in 1960 0 After the failure of “The Great Leap Forward” China began to allow private ownership 0 Farmers and factory owners began to do some work for themselves

39. Classless Society 0 Mao didn’t like the idea of famers and factory owners doing some work for themselves 0 This went against his ideal “classless society” which led him to announcing the “Cultural Revolution” 0 He urged student to leave school and make war on anything in Chinese society that looked like it was encouraging class differences. 0 Many students were organized into an army known as the Red Guards. 0 Leaders in the Chinese community who seed to be in higher positions were attacked

40. Pro-Democracy Movement 0 Mao died in Deng Xiaoping was named the leader of China 0 Deng Xiaoping had different views about the path China should follow 0 He began to allow farmers to own some of their won land and make decisions about what they should grow and some private businesses 0 Openness to western business meant an openness to “western ideas” 0 When communist governments were under attack in 1989, China went through a period of student protests which resulted in a huge demonstration in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square. 0 The students went as far as raising a statue they called the “Goddess of Democracy 0 The Chinese government ordered guards to break up the demonstration 0 Several students were killed, the statue was destroyed and thousands of others were arrested