1. Global Climates

2. ► Weather: short-term condition of the atmosphere ► Climate: long-term conditions of the atmosphere, including averages and extremes

3. ► Kőppen-Geiger system of climate classification ► 1928 ► Pages 222-225

6. 3 general climate groups 1. Low latitude (Table 7.3) ► High temperatures  Consistently long days, high solar angle  Low latitudes (20°N – 20°S)  ITCZ

8. 1. Wet equatorial  Wet, Hot ► High ppt all months; little temperature variation  ITCZ dominates  Tropical Rain forest vegetation

10. 2. Monsoon and trade-wind coastal ► North and south of wet equatorial ► Windward coasts in tropics ► Wet and dry seasons ► 1-3 months < 2.5 inches rain ► Wet when ITCZ dominates ► Dry when ITCZ leaves; High pressure

13. 3. Wet-Dry Tropical ► surrounds 1, 2 on map ► 3-6 months < 2.5 inches ► hot dry winter; hot wet summer ► semiarid to arid

15. Savanna vegetation

17. 4. Dry Tropical ► Low ppt.; high daily range in temperature

21. 3 general climate groups 2. Mid-latitude Climates (Table 7.4)  Range from dry to moist  Mild winters  Midlatitudes ► Most in Northern hemisphere ► Seasonality ► Shifting air masses (mT,mP,cP); High and Low pressure centers

22. 1. Dry subtropical ► Cool/cold season ► Low ppt all months ► Dominated by cT

25. 2. Moist Subtropical ► Winters above freezing ► High temp range ► Abundant rain from mT

27. 3. Mediterranean ► hot / warm summer ► west side of continents ► Wet, mild winter ► dry summer

31. 4. Marine west-coast ► Poleward of Mediterranean climate zone ► precipitation all months; winter max (mP) ► small temp. range (moderated by proximity to ocean) ► humid

34. 5. Dry midlatitude ► Very large range in temp ► Low ppt with Summer max

35. 6. Moist continental

36. ► Warm summers, cold winters (3 mos. < freezing) ► Large temp. range (continental) ► Plenty of ppt (summer max) ► Polar front zone (cP and mT)

38. 3 general climate groups 3. High-latitude Climates (Table 7.5) northern hemisphere (except for ice sheet) northern hemisphere (except for ice sheet) frequent midlatitude cyclones frequent midlatitude cyclones low temps and low ppt. low temps and low ppt.

40. 1. Boreal Forest Climate ► Cool, short summer ► Long, severely cold winters ► 6-7 mos. < 32 o F ► high annual temp. range ► dry

43. 2. Tundra ► predominantly N. Hemisphere ► long periods of light and dark ► short summer (<40 o F) ► dry ► treeless

47. 3. Ice Sheet ► Poleward of 32 o F isotherm ► every month < 32 o F ► glacial ice ► extremely dry